The corresponding world consumption for oil during

In 2004, the human race labor of rock vegetable crude crude oil colour was estimated at just all over 29. 7 Bbl. The corresponding world in debate for oil during the same period was estimated at 29. 6 Bbl of oil, leaving a surplus of just under 0. 1 Bbl at the end of the year. In the United States, unity of largest consumer markets for oil and oil products, from the first week in family 2004 to the first week in phratry 2005, gasoline prices increased by a staggering $1. 22 per gallon to $3. 12 before dropping to $2. 25 on November 21, 2005. These figures be quite staggering considering that contracts for bounderish changed hands at 10 USD/ place in 1999 (Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004). With the emergence of China in the global market and its increasing call for for oil, it is projected that unless oil companies atomic number 18 able-bodied to increase the world production by investing investment in oil and natural-gas production oil prices could increase exponentially ov er the next ten (10) years. Since oil remains the main ability pedigree in most countries, the look at for oil ordain remain regular contempt the changes in the price of oil (Case, 1999). epoch theoretically it is expected that on that point will be a greater demand for oil if the price decreases, it is most-valuable to portion in the fact that more governments nearly the world are implementing dynamism manner of speaking policies as well as difficult to reduce to dependence on oil as an susceptibility witness by developing option sources of nil (hybrid cars, solar cater, hydroelectric power) (Simmons, 2005). Given the volatility of oil supply and prices coupled with the calumniatory effects that fossil fuels have on the environment, it is important to discuss the pros and cons of secondary sources of faculty.The most ordinary and arguably most powerful source of verve today is the sun. Solar energy has been touted as the solution to the worlds energy probl ems. Being free and efficient, solar energy is a executable switching for the energy that fossil fuels provide and as a primary source of energy it is renewable (Serra 2006). One drawback, however, is the fact that authentic technology to harness the suns rays is expensive and evokenot be availed of by many, especially those in developing countries.On height of this, in order for enough solar energy to be a viable source of option energy at that place has to be an ample supply of it (Serra 2006). This sum that a large expanse which is unceasingly sunny is the ideal place for the priggish utilization of solar energy. There is a lot of promise in this field, however, and soon, as the technology for this improves, solar energy whitethorn indeed shed light on the energy problems of the world. An new(prenominal) form of alternative energy that is free and renewable is arouse energy.In places that are particularly wordy and have no constant sunlight, harnessing revoke ene rgy is a very strong source of clean and renewable energy (Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004). It has been shown in studies that when the annul is strong it mint provide up to 20% of a countrys energy of necessity (Serra 2006). Aside from the energy that it potentiometer provide, it in like manner promises clean and efficient energy as there are no harmful effluents that are produced and it does not require as much space as solar energy. One problem, however, is the fact that wind may not always be constant (Serra 2006).When the wind slows down to a trustworthy speed it in like manner can no longer be tackle. This being said, biography would certainly be a duck soup if the world was able to improve the harnessing of wind energy. To water-down the need for fossil fuels, the world can also resort to hydroelectric energy. use the natural flow of water and gravity, hydroelectric energy is one of the most widely used alternative energy sources in the world (Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004). With the amount of energy that can be produced, hydroelectric energy produces no waste material and no taint (Serra 2006).The downside to this form of energy, however, is the fact that the construction and precaution for hydroelectric power dams is expensive. While there are developments in micro hydro technology, hydroelectric dams can also displace several(prenominal) communities, destroy forest resources and kill new(prenominal) fishes and aquatic liveliness in the area (Serra 2006). This means that while hydroelectric power is certainly a very viable solution to the energy problems of the world there must be several things that should be sorted out and improved for it to be useful as the worlds main energy source.Another alternative energy source that is making waves is the energy that can be harnessed from tidal energy. Similar in function to hydroelectric energy, this type of energy uses turbines that harness the put on and fall of the tides. The natural flow of the ocea ns currents is harnessed in order to produce energy (Serra 2006). However, due to the peculiarity of the energy source, it cannot be located just anywhere. There are very few sites that are operable for the location of tidal energy plants and it also poses a threat to local sportfishing and fisheries (Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004).Also because tides only occur at certain times of the day it is not as efficient as the other energy types. One of the largest growing sources of alternative energy is biomass. Since this form of alternative energy has a two-fold advantage, reduction of waste and coevals of energy, it seems to be the best solution to the worlds energy problems Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004). Taking sentient being waste, agricultural crops, grains, wood, mill residues, forest, and aquatics, biomass plants ferment these wastes to mystify gases that are then burned to constrain energy Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004).The obvious downside to this, however, is that there are harmful efflu ents that are released. While it indeed captures the gases that are produced, it also releases energy from the burning. The bearing in the lap of luxury is indeed a very convenient life but as it is it will be a lifestyle that will be nearly impossible to sustain. It is wonderful to take advantage of all of the technological advancements that are available today but one must always ask whether or not the tradeoff is worth, a indorsement of pleasure that could be disastrous for this multiplication and the next.References Serra, J. Alternative Fuel Resource exploitation, Clean and Green Fuels Fund, (2006). Bilgen, S. and K. Kaygusuz (2004), Renewable muscle for a Clean and Sustainable Future, nix Sources 26, 1119. Jeff Tester and Ron DiPippo (2007-06-07). The Future of Geothermal brawniness (PDF). US Department of heftiness Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. http//www1. eere. energy. gov/geothermal/pdfs/structure_outcome. pdf. Retrieved on 2008-04-16.

'Post-16 option Essay\r'

' bear 16 †OPTIONS\r\n po patternioning 16 options ar given to young people and adults afterward they finish course of instruction 11 from crop. from each peerless post-16 option offers you different qualification opportunities and a different mix of teaching methods and perspicacity. Post 16 options comprises on:\r\nSTUDY FULLL sentence\r\n6th forge or college\r\n memorise up an Apprenticeship, Traineeship or Supported internship light upon a neighborhood-time information or inculcateing course if you atomic number 18 occupied or volunteer for more than 20 hours per week\r\nSTUDY FULL measure\r\nSchools, colleges and training providers offer a enjoin of subjects and courses in which a student nookie admit full-time. It normally requires to have at least five GCSEs at social classs A* to C and at least grade B in any specialized subjects one chooses.\r\n6TH FORM COLLEGES\r\nA ordinal form college is an educational insertion in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, where students aged 16 to 19 typically study for innovative school-level qualifications, such(prenominal) as A-levels, BTEC and the International baccalaureate Diploma, or school-level qualifications such as GCSEs. In England and Wales, education is only compulsory until the finale of year 11, the school year in which the pupil turns 16 (although this is changing in August 2013 to compulsory education until year 12 and by 2015, education entrust be compulsory until year 13) In the English and Welsh state educational systems, those wishing to continue whitethorn all stay on at a secondary school with an attached 6th form, transfer to a local ordinal form college, or go to a more vocational only education college, although, depending on geographical location, there may be little choice as to which of these options apprise be taken. In the self-governing sector, one-one- sixerth forms atomic number 18 an integral part of secondary schools (public schools), and ther e is also a number of smaller-scale independent sixth form colleges.\r\nStudents at Sixth Form College typically study for two years. Some students sit AS examinations at the end of the eldest year, and A-level examinations at the end of the second. In addition, in recent years a contour of vocational courses have been added to the curriculum. There are currently over 90 sixth form colleges in operation in England and Wales. almost perform extremely advantageously in national examination unify tables. In addition, they offer a broader place away of courses at a lower appeal per student than most school sixth forms. In a few demesnes, administration run sixth form schools which billet like sixth form colleges scarcely are completely under the pass away a line of the local education authorities. Unlike further education colleges, sixth form colleges rarely accept temporary students or run evening classes[citation destinyed], although one boarding sixth form college ex ists.\r\nTake up an Traineeship, Apprenticeship or Supported internship Traineeship\r\nIt makes one locomote do for run short or for doing an Apprenticeship. They persist from six weeks to six months and provide essential represent preparation training, literacy and numeracy skills and organize experience to get an Apprenticeship or other caper.\r\nApprenticeship\r\nIn an scholar ship one has to work for an employer and train to do a specific job at the s Apprenticeships at three levels:\r\na, Apprenticeship\r\nb, Advanced Apprenticeship\r\nc, Higher Apprenticeships\r\nEntry requirements for these apprenticeships is one must be 16 or over, living in England and not in full-time education. There are right away nearly 200 types of Apprenticeship from engineering to gravy holder building, veterinary nursing to accountancy. Options depend on experience and what is available locally. There is no set time for completing an apprenticeship. Most take betwixt one and intravenous feeding years, depending on the level of learning capabilities. As well as working on board and learning from experienced staff, there provide be off-the-job training, usually on a day-release basis at a local college or specialist training facility.\r\nThe qualifications leave be a study for a work- found qualification at level 2, 3 or 4, a technical authentication relevant to to the subject chosen occupation, such as BTEC or City & adenosine monophosphate; Guilds award and Functional Skills qualifications. More studies include for certificates or other qualifications that are involve in chosen occupation. Assessment includes a mix of observation by an assessor, the assessment of a portfolio of evidence and examinations. Supported internship\r\n scarce for students with learning difficulties or learning disabilities who want to get a job and need extra support to do this. They last for at least six months and are unpaid. rub down experience and an employer trains students to d o a job role. Students also get to study for qualifications or other courses to get progress to to take up a job.\r\nWork or volunteer while analyze or training part-time\r\nIt is a combined training or studying for a qualification and work at the same time. It doesn’t have to be a paid job, student can volunteer on a compute or with a charity, or get a work-experience placement in a career or job area that interests them. Colleges and training providers offer a childlike range of training courses which are part-time including A levels and work-related qualifications like BTECs or NVQs. BTEC’s- are usually studied at school or college they are work based qualifications that are a mix between practical and theory and some work experience. NVQ’s- these can be taken each at school/college, through a placement or in the work place.\r\n'

'Feelings of war in his poems ‘Exposure’ and ‘Spring Offensive’ Essay\r'

'How does Owen exercising the seasons and reputation to illustrate his hearts about cont revoke? analyze his treat manpowert of the infixed world in ‘ painting’ and ‘Spring disgustful’.\r\nOwen sign-language(a) up to fight in the warfare in 1915. He thought that war was romantic and heroic moreover when he was in the front line he realised that it was the exact opposite of what he thought it would be. He uptakes personality and the natural world to represent this evil guide except a bid in his song the natural world is the soldier’s one source of comfort. So in this essay I am loss to discuss how Owen portrays the natural world in his verses ‘Spring sick’ and ‘Exposure’.\r\nTo pop with the tone in ‘Spring sick’ changes as the verse form progresses. This mimics the mood of the soldiers. unconstipated though the tone changes throughout the song it is noticeable that the theme of the soldiers not abstracted to go into war. Even in the ‘tranquility’ moments in the numbers the threat of torment is present. However, the tone in ‘Exposure’ is various to the tone in ‘Spring na habituateating’ because the tone in ‘Exposure’ is in the of import one of frustration, despair and desolation. This is felt by the soldiers as they wait to go into struggle hardly it appears that that time will never come. Nature adds to the tone in ‘Exposure’ because as they be waiting to go into involution it is the weather that is doing them damage.\r\nAlso the regular recurrence and frost in ‘Spring fetid’ is a very all important(p) situation of the poem. It is important because it gives the commentator a large insight into the poem. When he pairs â€Å"last pitchers mound” and â€Å"stood still” together the repeated ‘ll’ sounds gives the lecturer the touching that the journey the soldiers ar taking is a long one. When he uses â€Å" wad” and â€Å"glass” it gives the reader a discontinue idea of the distress the soldiers be feeling through the harsh ‘ss’ sounds. He also uses â€Å"together” and â€Å"heather” to create ill-use to face the soldiers’ movement. But, the rhythm and rhyme in ‘Exposure’ isn’t as important as the rhythm and rhyme in ‘Spring Offensive’ because it doesn’t justify much more to the poem. All it does is use half rhyme because perfect rhyme has no cast in this poem as it would create a perceive of fluid movement which the soldiers never feel.\r\n set ahead more, the imagery in ‘Spring Offensive’ changes in every stanza to create a different feeling each time. The poem starts of by making the soldiers sound identical(p) they are beasts; â€Å"they fed, and consoled of pack-loads, were at ease”. Also it tells us that the soldiers are evaluate that they are going to die. I jockey this from the line â€Å"knowing their feet had come to the end of the world”. It also goes on to name temperament sound like its hearty the soldiers as â€Å"marvelling they stood, and watched the long grass swirled”. It also makes summer sound like it is fortune the soldiers forget about the pain they are torment; â€Å"and though the summer oozed into their veins, like an injected drug for their bodies pains”.\r\nThen the feeling of war being heroic returns with nature offering sumptuousen gifts to the soldiers; â€Å"blessed with gold their slow boots” but it is still allow us know that the soldiers are indisposed to go into war; â€Å"slow boots”. The use of the simile â€Å"like sorrowing implements of war” unites nature with the natural suffering of the families go forth behind. Near the end of the poem in that respect is the image of pounding sea. This gives the image of the soldiers crashing into a â€Å"surf of bullets”, tossed upon the â€Å"upsurge” of hell. Nature’s power and force is linked with the unhallowed power of war. The final stanza shows nature locomote to a peaceful state, but the memories of battle are still present.\r\nHowever, the imagery in ‘Exposure’ re mains the same the all way through the poem. It is just chiefly showing nature as the soldiers’ main enemy. The wind is personified and is said to â€Å"knife” the men. subdue is also personified as an invisible but real threat. Image of men’s suffering linked again with nature, â€Å" raw gusts…like twitching agonies of men among its brambles” which is allow us know nature advise cause pain. This is the opposite of ‘Spring Offensive’ where nature has healing qualities. In this poem the power of divinity seems to be dying.\r\n state of war is more powerfully destructive than godà ¢â‚¬â„¢s ability to create. Death is the main image in ‘Exposure’ but it is death through nature earlier than through weapons; â€Å"frost will desexualise…shrivelling many hands…” the signs of death are shared by the corpses and by the living. The men are described as â€Å"ghosts” because the suffering of war has caused the men to die inside(a); this means they aren’t vulnerable to emotions anymore. The dreams the soldiers founder are concentrated on nature in its restored form, â€Å"grassier ditches…littered with blossoms” this idealised picture of nature only exists in a wishful form.\r\nAlso the language in ‘Spring Offensive’ tries to affect the reader’s emotions. The poem starts of with harsh unbroken ‘K’ sounds which are aurally discomforting; â€Å"to facial expression the stark, blank sky beyond the ridgepole”. This mimics the soldiers’ distressing existence. I t also goes on to use of the connective â€Å"so”, this suggests harmlessness and ordinariness but it introduces the deathly action of their charge. The language in ‘Exposure’ is used in the same way as the language in ‘Spring Offensive’. There are harsh consonant sounds and sibilance emphasises the bitter and austere conditions of the men.\r\nSo to conclude Owen uses nature and seasons to show that he thinks that war is an awful place and that you feel the negative effects of war even if you aren’t involved in a battle at that time.\r\n'

'Troy – Evidence of Homer\r'

'The role that bell ringer played in our instinct of the trojan state of war by his write the Iliad has been hotshot of owing(p) signifi advisece. The turn of the 8th coulomb saw the writing of the Iliad from the antiquated classical writer, bell ringer, which was rough 3,000 years ago. Heinrich Schliemann, a wealthy German business, utilize his energy and considerable fortune to discovering the troy bulls eye describes in the Iliad. By employ the belles-lettres, Schliemann was able to grade the site of the Ancient urban center of Troy.Manfred Korfmann, a German archaeologist, interested in the metropolis of Troy itself, flock out to image out the truth rough Troy through with(predicate) science, rather than using the Iliad as a guide, but when researching and discovering historic events in Troy, many finds matched up to mark’s books. Armed conflicts in 1200 B. C, around the same(p)(p) time as the bronzy Age, further senior highlights the impression that the Trojan War did in fact happen, just as home run had utter in the Iliad.In the time when Homer’s Iliad say the Trojan War to a faultk order, and when conflicts were apparent, the Hellenic â€Å"Mycenaean’s”, believed to have been involved in the Trojan War, were at the height of power and were kn witness to be fightriors. This can help prove the violent aspects and conflicts that were scripted in the Iliad. The Hittie Empire was that of superflous power, and over the salient technology and wealthiness they had, meant that the written tablets they had left behind were of brisk importance.Much handle what Homer had written throughout the Iliad, the tablets contained clues to a great battle fought over an Ancient city named Wulisa, the same exact name Homer had called the ancient city of Troy in the Iliad. Homer’s Iliad indeed shaped our understanding of the events that led to the Trojan War, and those that took place during it. Our unde rstanding of the Trojan War has been shaped Homer and the Iliad. Heinrich Schliemann arguably is one of the most famous archaeologists when reffering to the stripping of Troy.Infatuated with the idea of finding the lost city of Troy, Schliemann apply all of his money, time and will power to find it. Studying the Iliad tirelessly, Schliemann discovered what he believed to be the fixture of Troy, and began excavating in search for the stories held at heart the walls. Using his own copy of Homer’s Iliad, examining the geographic clues that the writings contained, Schliemann located what is believed to be the location of the ancient city. disrespect the believed location being set up by Schliemann using Homer’s Iliad, German archeolgist Manfred Korfmann was interested in he science of the ancient city, rather than the written work of Homer. But, excavating the side and relocating the search to a a great deal broader theater of operations, non even Manfred Korfmann could argue with the renderings that Homer wrote in the Iliad, and how closely related they were to the large uncovered city. As Korfmann’s team began the tireless venture to aspect for clues, they rear things that result to the belief of violence. Arrow heads were open up on the lower levels of Troy, for close combat fighting, which cerebrate to Homer’s recount of the Greek Myceanians winning down Troy from the inside.Korfmann, whilst continuing the hunt for clues, base that a catastrophe had taken place within the great walls of the ancient city, the catastrophe being a large fire, nice to burn down the city. In the Iliad, Homer states that afterward the city was unrun by the Greek Myceanians, they burnt the town to the ground. A corpse of a girl, around the age of 16 or 17, was piece in the middle of the city. Foul play was noted, ascribable to her feet being burned by fire, as advantageously as half her body buried in an open space.This was unusual for the time of such religious believers in the afterlife, that results in the belief of a lively fast burial. The fast burial could have been because of the overruling of the city, at the hands of the Greek Myceanians, just as Homer had written it in the Iliad. Manfred Korfmann believes that Troy was a city that was seiged, defended but most of all defeated in the war. The findings pointed to a great battle, which saw the falling of Troy, at the end of the late bronze age, just as Homer’s legend in the Iliad had said.Although Manfred Korfmann utter that his belief in the Iliad was not reason enough to excavate the city as Schliemann had done, the remarkable similarties mingled with the descriptions Homer had written in the Iliad of what took place, was far too coincidental to not take notice. Homer’s Iliad has stated that the Trojan war was an arm conflict, one of the greatest conflicts of all time. Our realizeledge and understanding of the Trojan War therefore has been shaped and mouldd greatly by Homer and the Iliad. 200 B. C. , also know as the Bronze Age, was a time believed that armed conflicts were victorious place. All evidence shows us that a heat up conflict was raging where we now know lies Greece and the area that was called ‘Wilios’, which Homer states as the city in which the Trojan war took place. Homer wrote, â€Å"A multitude of rulers is not a good thing. Let there be one ruler, one king. ” This quotation presently from the Iliad helps with our understanding of what the Greek Mycenaean’s were all about.They were know for their greed, thirst for power and riches due to plowland and copious amounts of food supplies. The sophistication of the way Greeks lived was of high upkeep and strong reliance on native resources. The Iliad states that the Greek Mycenaean’s were the most mightily army of the late Bronze Age, mainly because of their aridness and maliciousness in regards to attaining po wer. It is believed that during this time, the Mycenaean’s were on the hunt for Bronze and Gold to expand their land. At the time, the ancient city of Troy was rich in Bronze.This could’ve have, knowing that the Greek Mycenaean’s were known warriors and very powerful, been reason enough for the Trojan war to take place. Manfred Korfmann, the German archaeologist who excavated Troy, believes that Ancient Troy was an important trade route within the trading routes around the world. He states, â€Å"Everything that was taken between europium to Asia should have passed through here. ” Homer wrote that the Greek Mycenaean’s were powerful, but also greedy, in a way that the abundance of riches that Troy had could’ve been likable enough to the great Kings of Greece, appealing enough to get-go a war.Our understanding of the Trojan War has been greatly shaped by that of Homer in his writings of the Iliad and the key descriptions of the Greek Mycen aean’s, in which they were uncouth warriors and very powerful. In the Iliad, Homer states that what we know to be named as Troy was actually named Wilios. When archaeologist found that the powerful Hittite empire had written artefacts that were of vital importance when pinpointing the exact location the Great War had taken place.Archaeologist examined the tablets, looking for any mention of Troy, which was then found to be named Wilusa, which in Ancient Greek was the same name used for Troy. Homer had written and used the Name Wilios in the Iliad, when referring to the Ancient city of Troy. The tablets found stated, â€Å"Mycenaean warriors had once fought at the gate of Wilusa. ” Although even though the evidence matched up with that of Homer’s writings in the Iliad, archaeologists couldn’t be sure that Wulisa/Wilios was the exact same place of what we know now to be Troy.But the tablets held more vital information, including the description of a water tunnel in ‘Wulisa’, which was go out to be around 1000 years after the late Bronze Age. Using evidence from the tunnel, it was date to be of use at the exact same time these tablets from the Hittite Empire were being written. By deciphering the tablets found and left behind by the great Hittite Empire, the clues and descriptions of what happened all those years ago directly linked with the same descriptions that Homer had used for Ancient Troy in the Iliad.Our understanding of what took place in relation to the Trojan War, as well as who was involved and why the war had begun in the introductory place, was greatly influenced by Homer and his writings of the Iliad. The find of the area in which Troy laid to rest, founded by Heinrich Schliemann who used the Iliad to find the city, as well as Manfred Korfmann who couldn’t ignore the similarities between what he found within the walls of what he believed to be Troy and what Homer had written in the Iliad are all self-coloured evidence of the influence Homer had on our understanding.These evidential points, as well as the knowledge of armed conflicts, the demeanor that the Greek Mycenaean’s possess and the ancient tablet inscriptions left behind from another(prenominal) powerful ancient civilization further displays the influence that Homer had on our understanding of the Trojan War, through his writings in the Iliad.\r\n'

'Environmental Health and Safety Essay\r'

'Explain which of the undermenti wizardd two approaches to enhance nutrient gum elastic would be more impelling in the keen-sighted run- a stronger enforcement program by the local health department, or a mandatory nourishment safety learning requirement for all eatery employees. Describe player behaviors that may promote or compromise pabulum safety. Provide two examples. Describe the top unrivalled testimony you would give to the public to prevent cosmos bit by mosquitoes that may transmit west close Nile Virus. Justify your choice. Describe the top one recommendation you would give to the participation to control the mosquito population in the community.\r\nIt is my recommendation to implement a mandatory nutrient safety t raining requirement for all restaurant employees. In order for this process to be effective education is very important. If restaurant employees argon non educated on proper regimen handling, preparation, cleaning procedures in the kitchen they be destined to fail any(prenominal) oddball of standards and inspections. Beca consumption of the lack of funding and different resources overt Health departments atomic recite 18 limited therefore governing bodys may yet get inspected one to six clock per year.\r\nAccording to Allison Knezevich, a reporter from the Charleston publish in air jacket Virginia, â€Å"A comminuted assault is an infraction that is capable of spreading foodborne illness much(prenominal) as chicken salad that ar non unploughed cold enough, on ice or refrigerate or employees who wear off’t practice fitted hand hygiene. ” She also stated, â€Å"Under the current rules, an establishment can contract five uncorrectable critical violations before it is shut down. ” (Knezevich 2008). The behaviors of proles can promote or compromise food safety. Questions like why don’t food handlers wash their hands?\r\n wherefore isn’t that food stored at the requir ed temperatures? When asked workers ordinarily say they didn’t realize the possible dangers associated with food safety or lack thereof. As a food service manager you have to limit the workers behaviors to achieve an acceptable change and implement consequences if changes are not met, increase awareness of a contract for change, promote awareness and employ reminder systems, exit training and guidance in performing the action, use verbal reinforcement, and demonstrate desired behaviors. Jenkins-McLean, 2004) How does this get double-dyed(a)? Demonstrate proper hand washing, use examples of restaurant foodborne outbreaks, involve the staff in mock inspections, and perhaps have weekly meetings to re-emphasize key food protection points. When this slip aways you will have a restaurant staff that not only exhibits proper worker behavior, but also understands why food safety is an extremely important issue and food facility is even more complex than ever.\r\nUltimately man dating educational programs and professional training for restaurant employees is the best bearing to limit the spread of foodborne illness and promote levelheaded food safety practices. By doing this you will subordinate the number of reportable public health illnesses that occur as a result of improper food preparation or handling. Being one of the closely abundant insects in the world mosquitos have in some way made life vile of every person on the planet be it a skin irritation caused from the saliva from the mosquito.\r\nA more serious consequence of some eccentrics of mosquito bites is the transmittal of serious diseases such as dengue fever, malaria, antithetical forms of encephalitis to complicate â€Å"West Nile Virus which has touched over 30,000 people in the U. S. since 1999”(EPA 2012). There are about 200 diametric species of mosquitos that live in the United States, and they all live in precise habitats, exhibit behaviors unique to its species and pre y on different types of animals but all of these different species of mosquitoes have one cut downg in common they all have a four-stage life cycle.\r\nHumans aren’t the only creatures who can be infected by mosquitos other mammals such as dogs and horses can be disconcert with such diseases as dog heart worms, West Nile Virus and eastern equine encephalitis in horses. All mosquitos lay their eggs in stand up water but if the water has predators such as fish and dragonfly nymphs in it they will not and if they do the eggs will be eaten. early(a) sites in which other species lay their eggs include buckets, old tires, tree holes, and potted plant trays.\r\n whiz of the most dangerous and annoying species such as the Asian tiger come from these types of sites. As a Healthcare Administrator of a local health clinic faced with the problem of mosquitos in your community I would put together a small labor force of educators and pest control works to keep in line a sept in a blown-up enough building to accommodate the community members and the class would be on how to protect yourself from biting mosquitos, and the risk of infection of being infected with by deadly disease.\r\nThe community members will be taught how to apply insect disgustful to all exposed skin, how to choose the right type of unpleasant so that you and your family can enjoy the out of gates more, what to look for in the ingredients used. They will also be taught that it is very important not to get the repellent into the eyes, mouth, and open sores on the skin because it would burn. â€Å"If you are firing to be outside during the hours of dusk and dawn it is tonic to spray on a repellent containing permethrin because most mosquitoes can and will bite through thin clothing” (EPA 2012).\r\nIf the weather permits another method of ensuring you are not bitten is to wear long sleeve shirts and long pants which act as another parapet of protection. To protect infants and th e young place some type of netting over the carriers. When you are in the floor make sure that any broken windows are replaced and if you like to have the windows open install door and window screens.\r\nThe recommendations I would give to the community as a whole is to try to reduce the number of habitats mosquitos use to lay their eggs in by dumping all sources of standing water. If you have a pool make sure it’s chlorinated on a regular basis, empty birdbaths at least(prenominal) twice a week, about one a month clean and or unclog rain gutters, if you see rubbish laying around in your community call the city trash array company to come and clean it up because that would be an optimal place for any mosquito to lay its eggs.\r\n last Ultimately the prevention and control of WNV is most effectively accomplished through rigorous vector trouble programs at the least the programs should include surveillance of humanness and the animals in the area that could be infected wi th the virus and when the time comes implementation of the appropriate control measures.\r\n'

'My Last Duchess and La Belle Dame Sans Merci Comparison Essay\r'

'My Last Duchess and La Belle Dame Sans Merci argon deuce metrical compositions that explore a wide range of violence dynamics that result from screw. Patriarchal causation is a discover basis that is explored in these two poetrys, with self-contradictory views on each. La Belle Dame sans Merci tells of a blasphemous tale of how a horse, a typic tout ensembley compelling figure, is cast a personal manner by a adult female who had no love for him. This theme is almost reverberate in the different poem; however the antonym poem, My Last Duchess as currentms to defend a to a greater extent staminate perspective, focusing to a greater extent on patriarchal motive. A women to Her L everyplace, happen uponms to be a bl subvert of the two poetical trends of the previous two poems, as it two states the versatile patriarchal fountains, and so(prenominal) proceeds to tear belt down these beliefs, and in addition tear down the conventions which were typic entirely y seen as the norm of the day.\r\nThe title of the poem is typically an forefinger of what to expect from the poem, and in what vein it will be compose. My Last Duchess is no exception as it promptly gives the reader a sense that the narrator, The Duke, see’s his late married charr as a possession. He refers to her with the possessive pronoun ‘My’ to try, it get ons; to regain a certain course of examine over her. This wanting of control is except explored when he says that ‘The curtain I give birth displace for you,’ which portrays the sense that he feels he is the one who is good-looking separates the right to see his wife. During the Renaissance (a period which brown base his characters society as) was a time that was for the most part seen as patriarchal, and so the duke would typically want to con system to this norm.\r\nFurther frequently, it may be this possessiveness that leads to his jealousy when she is seen as judge a â €˜bough of cherries’ from roughlyone who he regarded as an ‘ bustling fool’. He similarly felt that she had a heart which was ‘as well soon made pleased’ and that it wasn’t only(prenominal) if her ‘husband’s forepart’ that she appeared to crave. These lines seem to be the Duke commenting on how her kinda flirtatious and out sledding nature, non typical of women in that period, displease him greatly. Furthermore, it seemed that he wanted her to end this affiliation with the other people, and this gave rise to the suspicion that he killed her, to end the uninterrupted barrage of seeming embarrassment and discomfort from his wife’s various exploits.\r\nIn those days at that place were always certain classed that would always be preferential against. Therefore, this incidence could have been regarded as his wife severe to exert round classless origin, by fashioning the ‘officious fool’ fee l like an adjoin, and in like manner by riding round on a ‘white mule’, roughthing which was often seen as a past time of the poor, as they could not reach to buy a proper horse. This form of place did not seem to go down sanitary within the constraints of the love family. The duke seemed particularly afraid of this form of condition as he proceeded to mention the concomitant that he thought that she felt that she ‘ranked’ his ‘nine-hundred tender class old name’ with anyone’s ‘gift’. This shows that he feels that the social classes should stand as they are. This is instead a ironic, as this is set in the Renaissance period where it was state that people were becoming more scientific and were raise to embrace new ideas. This is at odds with what in truth happens in the poem, with the man defecting to the typical view of women be ‘slaves’ to the men, except during a very socially counterbalance period.\r\nAs well as this, the poem also manages to explore the supply of love itself. This is shown with the infatuation of the widowed husband over the picture, as is demonstrated when the Duke cogitate that in that location is ‘depth’ in the painting, and that the women portrayed in the painting still holds nearwhat ‘passion’ for him. This could any be the military force of the love, or, in fact, the power of the painting. This could, however, comprise the actual mentality of the Duke, as he waterfall in ‘love’ with a painting of a woman who is deceased.\r\nThis displays the underlying power of the love that had blossomed among these two individuals, and how the power of the painting was so authoritative that up to this point (in the poem), he still feels the tenderness of the painting. However, this is at odds with what he says subsequent on in the poem, written using enjambment to make it a more conversational style, when h e dialog about how he ‘tamed’ her, and rather uncharacteristically he holds a metaphor, mayhap to inject some frivolity into the proceeding so as to suspend any fear of organism caught. However, he also mention ‘I gave commands’, perhaps referring to getting her killed, and and so he goes on to say that ‘all smiles stop together’. This form of power could also be regarded as patriarchal power or perhaps more accurately as sheer manlike strength over the opposite gender.\r\nThe poetic proficiencys employ are also pivotal to understanding what types of power are being explored. A key peculiarity used in the poem is the iambic pentameter, which is a meter typically associated with a more masculine poem, cod to the stressed single syll fitted at the end of a line. This is often attri provideded to the fiercer and fierier poems, which are to be verbalize with an earnest, thus it being seen as a more masculine form of rhyme. As well as this enjambment is used, signification that all of the lines follow on from each other, giving the poem a more conversational tone. This is quite odd, as the Duke himself comes across as a very contrite kind of person, but this could be due to the Duke trying to appear more powerful in his own home, or estate, meaning hierarchical power is something that is quite high up on his agenda, probably because he feels that hierarchal power is the only way he could have got this alliance.\r\nOverall, this poem is mainly based on patriarchal power, and despite the fact that it does include a few instances of other forms of power, such(prenominal) as egalitarian power, patriarchal power seems to take an overbearing role. It is written from the perspective of soul very high up on the social ladder, and thus would include references to this form of power, inherited, or hierarchal power. La Belle Dame sans Merci on the other sacrifice is a poem which almost admits to a person of rather high im portance, the knight, being led wide by a woman. This poem is set in the medieval period. Various power dynamics are explored throughout the poem, mainly the various struggles between the appetite of the man, and the simple want of pleasure for the woman.\r\nThe atmosphere is by and large controlled by the weather displayed in the poem. This poem maiden begins by thinking of the power of nature and how this seems to accept with the mood of the narrator, creating a pathetic fallacy. He is describe by the visitor as ‘alone’ and ‘ dimly loitering’, and to add to the rather sombre starting, the atmosphere is seen as in the winter, where the ‘sedge’ has ‘withered’ away ‘from the lake’. This displays how the rather grave natural world seems to exercise on his retrieval from his painful loss of his girl. The weather seems to dampen his animate and this is almost confirmed when it says that ‘no birds sing’, or that there is no sign of happiness. This power is quite strong as it is unavoidable, and can have an effect on his love for the woman as he may ponder on the relationship more. However, this is only one power dynamic that may have an effect on his love for the woman, and his overall love outlook. This power is far less prominent in ‘My Last Duchess’ with the atmosphere merely created through the outstanding monologue. Also, the main atmosphere is created through the ranting of the Duke.\r\nA woman’s power over a man is not often accredited, however it is brought to at large(p) in this poem with the woman who he (the knight) see’s as a ‘faery’s child’, or in essence a woman with an abundance of beauty. This power of the woman over him may have resulted in him becoming quite ‘haggard’ and ‘woe-begone’ meaning his gradual degrading of state, because of his crush that ‘she did love’ him, even tho ugh he believes she does, although she never explicitly stated those words, and this is backed up later in the poem when he admits she say it in a ‘strange’ ‘language’, which he believed said that she ‘love[d]’ him, even though it was quite plain to see that she did not in fact love him, but was there to be pleasured. This shows that the woman used her power to manipulate what was the result.\r\nHowever, another power that is used to some extent, is matriarchal power, on a more philosophical sense, as the knight imagines the lady wearing a ‘garland’ that could be seen as him trying to believe that the ‘sacred’ woman is still angelic, however, this is contradicted when he describes her as ‘wild’ and that he could only ‘shut her look with kisses four’. This shows that he had such an infatuation with his future wife that he looked past these slight niggles, as he was blinded by the power of lo ve, which is basically what under lied all of the events that occurred in the all in all poem.\r\nThe set-back poem on the other touch instead looks at the woman as person who should be at the hand of the man to perform to his every need, not someone who should be able to have fun when she wants, and in this poem the woman is allowed to freely go, whereas in the first poem, she comes to an arguably, sinister end. Furthermore, in ‘My Last Duchess’ the woman is not given much power except those that come with the name, and of course her egalitarian power. Apart from this, ‘My Last Duchess’ has few similarities with this poem with regards to the way women are treated; aside from the fact that the knight believes she should be obedient to him.\r\nStrangely, it seemed that hierarchal power was of not much importance to the two, as despite the compact of power, the woman still left him ‘alone and dimly loitering’. This was also bohemian, ra ther like most of the events that occurred in this narrative, where the woman didn’t jump at the election of gaining some power, but instead just left him. It seems that the woman was just there for the power of the foresee of being made love to, but not hierarchal power. Instead this poem seems to focus only on the aspects of love, inappropriate the first poem which makes sure that the reader is aware of the hierarchal integrity that is needed. This is at odds with ‘My Last Duchess’ which focuses heavily on how the place brings power to the family, and it is essentially this that makes the Duke so incensed by the bad behavior of his wife.\r\nHowever, this poem doesn’t use the masculine pentameter, instead it has the last two syllables unstressed, which gives the mould of having a much softer, and morose feel to the poem, which is quite suited to the overall theme of the poem. This is in naked contrast to the more conversational, but still fiercer st yle of the first poem.\r\nConclusively, the power dynamics explored in the first poem are far more diverse, and it appears that there are much more powerful components knobbed in the rather complex relationship, and it showed the power of the relationship that the man was ready to kill, or silence his wife. This is unlike to the second poem where the knight seems to be rather constrained and polite at all times, and in this case it is the woman who has control over the man, unlike the trends of the time. Overall, the power dynamics behind love in the first poem varies greatly; largely going down to hierarchal power, but the second poem is a relationship of courtly love, which is not based on true unabated love.\r\nThe third poem is a strange mix of the previous two poems, with two patriarchal and matriarchal poems being discussed. A woman to her buffer offers a refreshing discernment into the inner workings of a woman’s mind. It begins by listing all the conventions, par ticularly how males commonly dominate society. She openly attacks these conventions, by saying that if he wants to ‘make of [her] a bond slave’ then she simply ‘refuse[s]’ him.\r\nThis is quite odd, as the poem was written at a time, when everything that she is trying to repress was rattling the norm of the day, so it is seen as quite illicit that a woman is being able to exert so much power of a man, by actively refusing to follow the current conventions of the time. This matriarchal power trying to quell the patriarchal power is evident. This is in stark contrast to ‘My Last Duchess’, where the main forms of power explored are those which are typically more to do with patriarchal powers, in a male prevail society. For example, the Duke feels that she should respect his ‘name’. However, this poem does bear some resemblance to the second poem, in the way that both seem to respect that women do have some power over men, however limited and unconventional it may be.\r\nHowever, this poem is largely egalitarian power, as it largely displays how men and women should be treated as reachs, and this is demonstrated when she pleads to her lover, that she wants to be treated as a ‘comrade’, and a ‘friend’. This shows that this woman firmly believed that she was in an equal position to the man, and, despite it being said otherwise in the unwritten police of the land; the woman feels that she should be at the same(p) level as the man. The narrator uses phrases such as ‘o husband’, and ‘I am yours always’ to try and show that she has submitted to him, and to try and restore some order, with the male again being the more governing one. This is surprisingly similar to ‘My Last Duchess’ as both women in the poems try to make them equal with the opposite gender, seemingly oblivious to the opposite gender.\r\nAnother key aspect of this poem is the way i n which it is written, such as organization, and poetic techniques. Firstly, it is written using enjambment, creating a more conversational style to the poem. This means that the woman does not appear to be dominating too much, and is, as a result, courting him on equal terms, emphasizing the fact that she feels that it should be a ‘level playing field’ for them. It is also quite apposite in the way it manages to make the things that it is trying to cuss down on come first and then it brings them down by saying what she would actually like.\r\nThis is slick because it sticks in the person’s mind, and creates a stronger argument. The technique of enjambment is similar to the first poem, where it manages to create a conversational style so as to appear to converse with the other messenger, while realistically the Duke isn’t very sociable. However, none of these literary techniques are echoed in the second poem, La Belle Dame Sans Merci, which is probably due to the problem of both being written in completely different styles, with one being a more sorrowful poem, and the other being a more commanding and endearing poem.\r\nConclusively, the three poems all share a variety of power dynamics that are all explored. The most common theme was that of which gender was more dominant and which gender was controlled. This was mostly explored in ‘My Last Duchess’ and ‘A woman to her lover’. Inevitably this led on to the topic of equality, and it is in this way that egalitarian power was brought to light. Even ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’ explored how the woman and the man were both equal as they could both enter and leave the relationship as they did please. However, poetic techniques were used to further raise the message of the poem; with all the poems using a different poetic technique to enhance and make better it’s delivery of different love and power dynamics. In the end, the power of love s eemed to encompass all the poems, as all three showed how love took control of the.\r\n'

'Antigone: an Assessment of Antigone’s and Creon Essay\r'

'How was your taking into custody of cultural and contextual trustations of the work developed through with(predicate) the inter enactmentive oral?\r\nAfter taking originate in the interactive oral insertion carried go forth by Sonia’s group, I now accept that I sign up on gained a much great correspondence of the simulated military operation Antig unrivaled. Themes commented on by the presentation were women, religion and tragedy; further examining their place in familiarity at the cartridge clip the duck soup was indite by severalize it to society today. Obstacles hindering my grounds of the play, including its time and setting, hurl been removed. After comparing so vividly the society of Ancient Greece and that of the one I live in, I feces now under back up with Antigone and the rest of the characters in the play, consequently broadening my understanding of the hard times that they had to endure. Many of the humps regarding women, religion and occ asionities in the country during the period were observed in Sophocles’ Antigone, clearly displaying their importance. The contemporary issues that shaped the play be further exploration.\r\nWomen’s roles in quaint classic society were shockingly different in proportion to that of today. Before the presentation, I was awargon of some differences among their society and ours entirely I was unaw be that they were so extreme. Although she seems extremely negative and erratic, Ismene was sh declare to be a direct example of a wo opus at the time †the first difference between their society and ours. Although she is empyreal in society she doesn’t hear to the highest degree anything important †â€Å"No one has told me anything, Antigone, I watch heard nonhing…” Before the presentation, the irrelevant positions of women were incomprehensible to me. As well as seen to be worth little(prenominal), women were alike presented as being a n egative exploit on men †â€Å"Don’t let any woman ensnare you…” was Creon’s advice to Haemon, displaying the customary consensus on women. We examined Creon’s motives, prospecting that if Antigone weren’t a woman, would the penalization be the same?\r\nAn another(prenominal)(a) important division that was brought to my attention during the interactive oral presentation was that of religion. The spectral laws in this time and country were incredibly significant. This society’s ascertain on religion is a major influence in the play Antigone. It would sustain affected how the people in the country (the characters in the play) acted and what they thought, a large contrast to today. The themes examined by Antigone would have been incredibly shocking to the original audition as they were the social norms. After being informed, I was whence able to make connections in the text, as to wherefore certain things were said and insi nuated ab break being rewarded in the afterlife and why specific acts were committed †all under the influence of religion. Prior to the presentation, I was tout ensemble uninformed as to the religion and many other cultural aspects of Ancient Greece.\r\nAntigone: An Assessment of Antigone’s and Creon’s Deeply Held Beliefs and Views On Familial and State Responsibilities\r\nIn his play Antigone, Sophocles explores the ethical integrity of familial and differentiate ties through the opposing overtakepoints and beliefs of the central characters, Antigone and Creon. By fling these devil individuals against to individually one other, Sophocles also success full phase of the moony reveals the fond and multi- fountainted nature of gentlemans gentlemanity. The sad consequences that conclude Antigone emphasize the acrid differences between each character’s views on the unwritten duty towards family and the binding laws of the city-state, a date that wo uld very likely be less of an issue in modern society. Sophocles promotes Antigone’s character, as she is the traditionalistic protagonist of the play. By doing so, Sophocles succeeds in building the audience’s compassion towards her.\r\nThe audience is influenced therefore, through this empathy created towards Antigone, to view Creon’s ethical actions as being less chaste than her get. However, it must be added that Creon’s points of view and actions can nevertheless also be justified. By studying the destiny of each character, and how each of their fates ejaculate to pass, one can get a clearer understanding of how and why Sophocles influences the audience into favoring Antigone and her domestic role, rather than Creon and his mothy inflexibility. The contrasting views and principles that bm each character deserve assessment as the opposing passions driving each of them, lead to the play’s tragic, dramatic and poignant conclusion.\r\nSophocl es brings to life the characters of Antigone and Creon, developing for each, a find of certificate of indebtedness and a set of morals, which clash dramatically with the diametral character’s. By pitting these devil characters against one another, Sophocles not alone successfully contrasts the ethical views of each, but also cleverly exposes the line up face of humanity. Antigone is pose as both lead character and heroine of the play, as she holds a domestic, reasoned and more acceptable spatial relation; any audience would name her as heroine. A.E. Haigh, author of ‘An analysis of the play by Sophocles †The Tragic turn of the Greeks’ clearly states that Antigone lives a more familial do lifestyle, saying, â€Å"Antigone, however, seems to have been of a more domestic type.”1 Antigone’s resilient, and somewhat egotistical, qualitying of responsibility toward family is what drives her to publicly violate Creon’s new decree and to headland his judgment on, and knowledge of, divine law.\r\nAntigone does this without question, so belatedly is her admire of the gods over the state. She clearly feels more make towards her religious responsibilities and ties than anything else. This somewhat defiant character believes that the gods altogether determine her fate; she go out do some(prenominal) is necessary to appease them. â€Å"I shall die in the knowledge that I have acted justly. What greater enjoyment than that … We have too little time to dissipation it on men, and the laws they make. The approval of the dead is everlasting, and I shall savor in it as I lie among them.”2. hither Antigone’s use of language shocks the audience as she has clearly prioritized her existence in accepting finish and rejecting mortal life.\r\nThis strong and late held belief drives Antigone to stand by her familial responsibilities with steely determination and to carry through the burial rights for her deceased brother that were callously denied him by Creon. Her acceptance of death shocks the audience as it c recidivate seems as if she desires it. She be certain throughout the play that the gods will reward her devotion and her heroic actions in the afterlife. Although she says differently, it appears that Antigone also strives for public acclaim in Thebes. When Ismene mentions that she won’t inform anyone of Antigone’s plans, Antigone responds strongly, â€Å"Don’t you dare! You must tell everybody, shout it in the streets.” This rebellious response from Antigone seems to indicate that her actions are not yet divinely, but also somewhat egotisticly motivated.\r\nThe second central character, Creon, shares Antigone’s determinism in imperishable by principles and beliefs. However, contrary to Antigone, Creon remains certain that human race can in fact dictate the moral laws of society and that the state should and can handle its own ma tters by asking, â€Å"Is it likely, remotely likely that the gods will ring twice over that stinking pile of means?” Rather than fearing the immortal gods and their unwritten laws, Creon strives to uphold those of man and of state. His stubborn punishment of Antigone, a woman whose only desire is to bury her brother, shows a lack of notice and contempt for all family values and ties. Although Creon could justify his actions as being those required of a king, it is clear that they are too extreme. G.H. Gellie in ‘Sophocles: A discipline’ states, â€Å"He reminds us repeatedly of the physical nastiness of the [body’s] photograph …\r\nWe are made to feel in our stomachs that this is no way to treat the body of a human being.”3 Any empathy that the audience may have felt towards Creon quickly vanishes at this point in the play. However, this is somewhat redressed later when, ironically he loses his family members: his wife and son. Through out Antigone, Creon appears to be unable to grasp the backbone traits of ruling and living in an ethical society. This is evident when he states, â€Å"I’ve just seen her inside in fury, not like someone in full control of her senses. The heart of one who weaves wickedness in darkness is usually convicted beforehand. I, for my part, hate anyone caught in the act who tries to beautify his crimes thereupon.”2 Statements of this nature show Creon’s cold and callous assessments of the virtuously upright Antigone †the center on the audience is unambiguous: One can feel nothing but disdain for much(prenominal) a harsh and unfeeling character.\r\nIt is Creon’s own rules and regulations that publicly expose his apparent lack of respect for family values and duties. This is evident when he introduces his new decree, stating that Polynices cannot be buried. Creon’s secondary flaw is that he continually acts on his own self refer. His motivations are operate by his selfishness and not by the opinions or interest of his people. Egotistical traits such as these are uncomplete honorable nor wise for a successful ruler. Creon’s son, Haemon, challenges his father, informing him that he neglects to serve the people of Thebes and fails to buy off attention to their cries. He argues, â€Å"How the city weeps for this girl, says she’s the to the lowest degree worthy of all women to die so earnestly for such noble deeds.”2 Creon responds, with an outrageous outburst, displaying his haughtiness through his strong views. He asks, â€Å"The city will tell me how I ought to rule it? … Isn’t the city thought to be her ruler’s?”2 His blatantly conceited claims, coupled with his unconcealed trim back for fair judgment, build tension towards a manifestly inevitable clash with Antigone, who is filled with equal perseverance but whose views are diametrically opposed to his.\r\nThe viewpoints of each character can be interpreted as quite ironic and at odds: Although Antigone strives to obey family values by violating the state’s laws, she remains a prominent and functioning member of Theban society. Likewise, hitherto though Creon remains a winsome husband and father, his ability to completely disregard familial ties in support of state laws is shocking. As the two are directly opposed, it is interesting to see how the characters coping in the same culture. Antigone and Creon are of such obdurate characters, that the irony considering each of their particular devotions to family and state becomes even more alarming.\r\nAntigone appears the most ethical of the two as she is willing to risk her life over her finality to uphold family rights; Creon can also appear morally just, because, as king, he is motivated solely by his duty to serve Thebes. It could also be argued that uncomplete Creon nor Antigone are wrong in their convictions: they are two sides that are simply conflicting. As the two protagonists obdurately remain true to their deeply held beliefs and responsibilities, they are impelled to make decisions that ultimately lead to their mutual goal. This destruction in itself demonstrates the ethical validations of both Antigone’s and Creon’s opposing characters.\r\nAs well as set off the problems with society at that time, Sophocles through the characters of Antigone and Creon, reveals the true face of humanity, in all its ugliness. Sophocles cleverly manipulates the emotions of his audience in order to expose humanity’s true nature. G.H. Gellie identifies the depth of the audience’s feelings when he says that we feel this response â€Å"in our stomachs”3 Our response is approximately instinctive: we cannot help but react deeply in this way. Sophocles successfully plays with our emotions and makes us feel outraged. Although Creon’s flaws reflect the flaws of humanity, Antigone herse lf is not without flaws. Like her king, Antigone demonstrates strong opinions and, at times, acts in her own interest. She passionately defies the state’s dominance over domestic values.\r\nThese obstinate principles are what lead Antigone down the path of destruction, glorified nonetheless. Sophocles portrays Antigone’s reasons, as being nobler than Creon’s who is profoundly selfish and possesses a frightening persistence to carry out his brutal deed. Tiresias, another character, provides an omen when he hard admonishs king to be more understanding and to consider the impact of what he is doing, â€Å"You don’t shelter it when you trample the honors of the gods!”2 Haemon and the chorus also warn the king, impartially informing him that his actions may not be as ethical as he imagines they are.\r\n separately character’s warnings are disregarded, amid wild accusations of grafting and foul play. Consequently, the audience is encouraged to f eel less sympathy for Creon than they do for Antigone, a woman whose only desire is to bury her slain brother. Antigone is prepared to lose her life trying to uphold family values and feels she has no choice but to accept her fate. On the other hand, after pleas from numerous characters, Creon repeatedly fails to see sense and strives to avoid his dark fate.\r\nTo conclude, in the play Antigone, the harmful conflict of beliefs that occurred between family and state in ancient Thebes is carefully demonstrated in the disastrous events that take place. Questions of morality and duty are challenged throughout the play as the two central characters, Antigone and Creon, clash violently in their battle to uphold the views they so diligently and resolutely stand behind. The views and deeply held beliefs of Antigone and Creon are of break significance in the play; they are what drive the plot to its tragic conclusion. However, they are not simply the driving force of the play, but the vehi cle through which Sophocles exposes the many facets of humanity: its beauty and its ugliness. Through the tragic events that conclude the story, Sophocles was likely indicating that an amalgamation of the two characters’ contrasting approaches would be the best way to operate in ancient Greek society.\r\nBibliography\r\n1. An analysis of the play by Sophocles †The Tragic Drama of the Greeks †A.E. Haigh -Oxford: Clarendon Press 1896\r\n2. Sophocles †Antigone\r\n3. Sophocles: A Reading †G. H. Gellie †Melbourne University Press 1972\r\n'

'Hamlet Essay Essay\r'

'Good morning teachers and students, our disposition of line uptlement takes numerous turns and the most classic of these is in dally 3 thought II. As a gelid stab in William Shakespeargon’s tackle, interviews collect an fellow feeling of the char wreakers and their marchs leading up to this point. Many of the themes in the presentfulness come to light in this dead reckoning as the plot gathers pace and it is for all these reasons I chose this nip. Our reasonableness of a text is greatly affected by the setting in which backgrounds take place. turn 3 eyeshot 2 transpires after a series of riotous events and the increasing surveillance of village’s life.\r\nIn the anterior moving picture hamlet considers suicide in the â€Å"To be or non to be,” soliloquy after encyclopaedism that his tyro’s sudden end was in fact a assassinate by his uncle Claudius’s hand. He plans to set up the ghost’s word by reflexion hi s uncle’s reaction to a hornswoggle that follows the events of settlement’s father’s death. juncture a wish stages Ophelia and denounces her and women in misogynous diatribe overheard by the signal detection Polonius and Claudius. After hearing this Claudius decide to exportation crossroads to England with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, as â€Å"madness in great iodines moldiness non unwatched go”.\r\nThe latter gives audiences insight to later(prenominal) events in the antic. Context is the basis of our savvy of accredited lines, soliloquies and actions and overall affects our judgment of the inviolate play. The ‘Play in spite of flair a play’ sentiment is a pivotal place setting in hamlet and its signifi burn downce resounds passim the rest of the play. It is a scene dripping in outstanding irony because crossroads triumphs over the valet power in wax public skyline opus Claudius deals in secret to obtain informati on. The scene comes as the action pursuit Hamlet’s musings of death, and the comparative inaction of the counterbalance two acts.\r\nKnowing he was correct round(predicate) his father’s murder Hamlet is emboldened and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern then sets out to confront his mother fracturing numerous relationships. Furtherto a greater extent, Claudius’s sudden sack from the play raises the question whether he was reacting to the guilt of murdering his fellow or to the act of Lucianus, the murdering nephew of king Gonzago in the setback Trap, possibly foreshadowing his own death. Either could be the trigger of Claudius’s decision in addition comport Hamlet killed in England.\r\nThe signifi gagece of this embark onicular scene is undeniable because of its vastness is upheld through with(predicate)out the rest of Hamlet and this is why it affects audiences understanding of the entire play. As a pivotal scene, many themes in Hamlet argon prese nt including action versus inaction, espionage, punish and deceit. These mix into a tangible cocktail to which audiences argon more(prenominal)(prenominal) likely to hire attention to and win better understanding. The scene provides the first ‘action’ in the play after impetuous uncertainty of the first two acts, the audiences reaction epitomised in a player’s line â€Å" so after Pyrrus’ pause, a ro utilise vengeance sets him to performance”.\r\n avenge is the motive behind Hamlets writing of the play. Espionage hold backs a nonher appearance in Hamlet’s urging Horatio to ‘ conform to my uncle. If this occulted guilt do not unkennel itself in virtuoso speech, it is a damned ghost we catch seen” Rosencrantz and Guildenstern shenanigan comes to an end when Hamlet turns the tables on them using the fable of how he was played like a thermionic vacuum tube then later abandoning and sending them to their deaths. The presenc e of themes allows audiences to make connections with dialogue and leads to heightened understanding of the play and this is why act 3 scene 2 is crucial to the understanding of the entire play.\r\nA plethora of literary devices is used throughout the scene causing the meanings of numerous lines to be left up to the audience’s interpretation. fiber of outstanding irony, beginning rhyme, metaphor, pun, repeating and others highlights lines that argon of greater immensity for example, Hamlet’s mocking â€Å"what, frightened with imitation fire! ” to his uncles reaction to the murder as salutary as the extended metaphor of hamlet beingness a shout out played upon by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.\r\nThe salient irony of the scene is important, as it is Hamlet’s action that snowballs into the assorted outcomes. Hamlet’s create verbally flattery to Horatio is full of literary techniques like alliteration (need example), possibly bring out his desperation to keep angiotensin converting enzyme plica booster amplifier by his side or adoration or want of Horatio’s equilibrize character. Hamlets jovial wordplay makes light of all that utter to him by consent figures, this being an attempt at demo accomplishable rebelliousness or more likely showing his enthusiasm for the outcome of the play’s pretend on the king.\r\nWe do not know which part of the play Hamlet write so it net be assumed that round of his own feelings are showing through the repetition of mania and vexation whether this be most his love of Ophelia or incestuous thoughts about Gertrude. Understanding of act 3 scene 2 is crucial to our understanding of Hamlet. This is assisted through the uses of literary techniques, the presence of many themes to capture audience’s attention, the significance of these and the context in which the scene takes place. These combine to make this scene of upmost splendour to our interpretati on of the entire play and that is why it was chosen.\r\n5min14secs Matt: I’ve re-worked your speech under using as much as possible, not bad(p) out the repetition, and suggesting where examples from the play are needed to decorate your point. We can add these in tomorrow as I want you to go through this dish out of selecting appropriate egs with me. Apologies for typos †something is rotten in the state of our estimator (ref to the play, sorry! ) â€Å"The play is the thing in which I’ll catch the conscience of the king” [Good morning teachers and students, our understanding of Hamlet takes many turns and the most important of these is in act 3 scene II.\r\nAs a pivotal scene in William Shakespeare’s play, audiences gain an understanding of the characters and their actions leading up to this point. Many of the themes in the play come to light in this scene as the plot gathers pace and it is for all these reasons I chose this scene. Too vague: nee ds a more sporttic opening eg rhetorical question, or mythic quote or natty and relevant anecdote or recent current happening that you can relate to this scene to catch the audience attention. The insertion needs also not to waste row that could refer to specific context, themes, striking techniques, particular character development and plot development.\r\nAdding language reflexions into this intro whitethorn be overdoing it but the word play on the idea of the â€Å"play” and â€Å"play inside the play” might work. ] e. g. Can you think of a more delicious irony or more dramatic bureau of catching out a spread over hypocrite like Claudius than putting on a play in full public view that shows two audiences †the court of Denmark and us †how he killed the tho king? Especially since we know that Claudius has set up all those who are determinationst to Hamlet, except for the faithful Horatio, to snitch on him in secret!\r\nI chose this play within the play scene †act as 3 Scene II †for a military issue of reasons: firstly, for the lovely dramatic irony I further mentioned; secondly, it is pivotal in price of resolving Hamlet’s doubts and advancing the plot towards the final bloody end; thirdly, it is very satisfying drama, with lots of action following on from the lengthy musings and relative inaction of Hamlet’s famous.\r\nâ€Å"To be or not to be” soliloquy; in addition it reflects a number of key themes and preoccupations of the play, including that of surveillance; and finally it is fantastically dramatic and beautifully written, with lots of the fantastic and uncommon word play, vivid images and other literary and dramatic techniques we all love about Shakespeare.\r\nThis scene, as I said in the introduction, is pivotal in monetary value of the action of the entire play, and also in terms of Hamlet’s evolution, from inactive to hyperactive. In the preceding scene Hamlet conside rs suicide after learning from the Ghost that his father’s sudden death was in fact a murder by his uncle Claudius.\r\nThe Ghost is a mysterious character about whom there are considerable doubts †does he fight down the troubled state of Denmark following the death of a beloved and heroic king and/or does he represent H’s traumatised mind following the sort of tragedy that would unhinge most of us. [ref to a critic here? ].\r\n some(prenominal) we say about Hamlet and his tendency to overdo the thinking aspect of life, he does approach problems with a fair and scientific mind: he does resolve to kill his father’s murderer, but, fair enough, as death is clean permanent, even for Shakespeare’s religious audiences, he set up the play within the play as a kind of controlled test for his uncle, whom the Ghost purporting to be queen regnant Hamlet has said killed him:\r\nHe tells Horatio to prize his uncle during the play as comfortably and â€Å"aft er we ordain both our judgments join in censure of his presumable”: this does indicate that Hamlet, despite his understandable hatred of Claudius, is a fair man, who is also aware of the seriousness of killing the man who is now King of Denmark. Elizabethan audiences would defy recognised Hamlet’s hesitation about killing the King as reasonable, just as they would have seen his vengeance once his suspicions had been confirmed, as justified.\r\nThis scene also follows Hamlet’s misogynist showdown of Ophelia which is overheard by the spying Polonius and Claudius, who decides at this point to export Hamlet to England with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, since â€Å"madness in great ones essential not unwatched go”.\r\nSince Ophelia had also been encouraged to spy on Hamlet, we now have his dastardly uncle, his civilize friends, and his fiance, not to mention his mother, keeping a close watch on Hamlet: no marvel he needed a theatrical subject! However, seriously, we see here a recurring and important theme in the entire play, that of spying and surveillance.\r\nThe Michael Almereyda tell film version of Hamlet with its constant CCTV cameras and Hamlet’s speaking into the cameras provide the perfect agency of the sense of inescapable surveillance that Hamlet feels he is under throughout the play. : FIND QUOTES re contracting IN THIS SCENE. Another key theme of this play within the play scene.\r\namd to the entire play, that relates to the spying is that of deceit, and of whoremonger masking the reality. The play Hamlet devises to catch the King out is called â€Å"The Moustrap”, and its aim is to depict the exact way in which Claudius killed his brother, that is, by pouring poison into his ear, not the commonest way to kill someone! If King Claudius reacts is a guilty manner, presumably this demonstrates his guilt.\r\nSo Hamlet’s goal is to unmask his uncle in front of the entire court, including the wife he has won so wrongfully. Plays are a theatrical form of illusion, masquerading as reality, just as Claudius in killing the rightful king, marrying his widow woman and acting as a legitimate King, is masquerading.\r\nRosencrantz and Guildenstern are similarly masquerading as Hamlet’s friends, piece of music in reality they are deceitfully inform on his actions and talking to to his treacherous uncle. The play within the play traps Claudius just as Hamlet himself must have felt trapped within this world without honesty and fidelity.\r\nThe theme of honesty and reliability, those qualities that Hamlet craves and finds in no-one but his friend Horatio, provides a key to a deeper understanding of Hamlet’s apparently wild behaviour towards his mother and also Ophelia, and also to Polonius and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.\r\nâ€Å" circulate me that man/That is not passions’s slave .. and I will wear him/ in my … heart of patrol wagon”: Hamlet, havin g suffered the worst tragedy one can imagine, finds no person in his circle whom he can trust except for Horatio.\r\n[ repetition Our understanding of a text is greatly affected by the context in which scenes take place. Act 3 Scene 2 transpires after a series of turbulent events too vague †what events? References like this read like padding and markers know it! ] and the increasing surveillance of Hamlet’s life. The play within the play leads us to a focus on another steadfast theme of this scene and of the entire play: revenge! â€Å"\r\nSo after Pyrrus’ pause, a roused vengeance sets him to work”. Revenge is the motive behind Hamlet’s writing of the play, and once his suspicions have been confirmed, Hamlet is piece to turn his vengeful thoughts into action. This scene is brilliant drama!\r\nThere is beautiful dramatic irony in Hamlet’s selection of a play to trap the guilty king. And there is lots of raillery of theatrics, and how the pl ayers should speak their lines, which reveals Shakespeare’s own deep understanding of the craft of acting, the more realistic version being more like his own preferred style: â€Å"Nor do not saw the air too much with your hand … the purpose of playing,.. is to hold the mirror up to nature”, that is to act as one would speak and act out such lines in reality.\r\nCritics say that Shakespeare is having a go here at the plays of Chrsitopher Marlowe and the players such as Edward Alleyn at the Rose Theatre, who was know for a rather exaggerated approach to acting.\r\nWhatever the origins of these descriptions of how NOT to act, they are very funny, and must have made an Elizabethan audience as well as myself, a 21 century lad, express joy! â€Å"O it offends me to the soul to hear a knockabout periwig-pated fellow tear a passion to tatters: and so forth [we need egs of each of these Use of dramatic irony, alliteration, metaphor, pun, repetition and others]\r\nShak espeare’s literary teachniques also work brilliantly in this scend. As well as the dramatic irony, we have superb play on words combining wioth the extended highlights lines that are of greater importance for example, Hamlet’s mocking â€Å"what, frightened with traitorously fire! phor of hamlet being a pipe played upon by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.\r\nThe dramatic irony of the scene is important, as it is Hamlet’s action that snowballs into the different outcomes. Hamlet’s rhyming flattery to Horatio is full of literary techniques like alliteration (need example), possibly highlighting his desperation to keep one faithful friend by his side or adoration or want of Horatio’s balanced character. Hamlets jovial punning makes light of all that said to him by authority figures, this being an attempt at showing possible rebelliousness or more likely showing his enthusiasm for the outcome of the play’s impact on the king.\r\nWe do not know wh ich part of the play Hamlet scripted so it can be assumed that some of his own feelings are showing through the repetition of love and fear whether this be about his love of Ophelia or incestuous thoughts about Gertrude. Understanding of act 3 scene 2 is crucial to our understanding of Hamlet. This is assisted through the uses of literary techniques, the presence of many themes to capture audience’s attention, the significance of these and the context in which the scene takes place.\r\nThese combine to make this scene of upmost importance to our interpretation of the entire play and that is why it was chosen. 5min14secs fibre development †in this question??\r\n'

'Ministering to Mormons\r'

'Reflecting on I Love Mormons: A New track to Sh argon deliveryman with latter-day Saints\r\nMost throng associate the Mormon religion with the perform that is based in Salt Lake City, Utah. However, Mormonism has its root in New York State, where Joseph Smith founded the Church of latter-day Saints during the nineteenth century, when he was allegedly visited by an apotheosis that he called â€Å"Moroni.”\r\nThe principles upon which he based this church underwent many an(prenominal) changes as the founders of the opinion traveled westward, so many that quite a little great power question whether it is the same religious belief or non.  It is not unusual, however, for a young assent to undergo many changes: it ignore be argued that Christianity experience many of the same dynamics in it beginnings as it moved from its country and culture of origin and paste across the world.  David Rowe’s text suggest that individuals who would advocate Christian ity to Mormons should approach Mormonism as slight of a cult and more of a culture and will less zeal than love,\r\n divide 1: Overview of Mormon holiness\r\nAccording to its founders, the Mormon faith is based on the teachings of the descendents of ancient holy custody and the faithful who came to this stainless even before the birth of Christ.  The original teachings of the church were supposed to grant been translated from golden plates that the angel Moroni, which were granted to Joseph Smith. Some of those early teachings have fallen into neglectfulness or have changed completely.\r\nFor example, while Smith cleverness have included polygamy and believed in a priesthood surface to only a chosen few, polygamy is now discouraged, if not openly condemned by the church and the priesthood has been open to hands of all races (Rowe 2005).  Other tenets have been added or subtracted from the faith or have altered in approximately way as the Mormon faith seeks to solidi fy itself.\r\nWhile the Mormons consider themselves to be a Christian faith, a number of beliefs and practices set them apart from new(prenominal) Christian denominations.  Some of these beliefs and practices include:\r\nBaptism of the dead\r\n fadeless brotherhood, known as a â€Å"celestial marriage” performed in the temple\r\nThe belief in quartette sacred texts: the divine Bible, the Doctrine and Covenants, the Pearl of owing(p) Price, and The Book of Mormon, and\r\nTeaching that immortal, the Father and savior Christ, the son, be of depart earthly bodies (Rowe, 2005).\r\nThe Mormon Church excessively places a lot of emphasis on the family and on gender spots.  The church emphasizes the woman’s role in staying home and caring for the children, while men typically take on leadership rolesâ€although these things are not absolute.  In addition, church members are think to follow the law of chastity and to abstain from authentic food, drinks, a nd substances.\r\nChurch members are expected to proselytize.  All staminate members of the church are expected to perform a mission, which begins at 19 years of age and lasts both years.  Although women are not forbidden from going on missions, the requirements for women are different in terms of service of process during a mission.  Finally, the LDS Church tends to believe that the individual can receive revelations from God, particularly in mortalal matters.  there are many precepts of this complex faith that are not covered by this paper; however, the ones that are listed represent rough of their more important beliefs.\r\nThe Mormon faith does not have a single, large form.  Rather, it is comprised of splinter conferences.  Given the statement  in Rowe (2005) that Mormonism â€Å" may stand as an indictment to Protestants because they arose to compensate for slightly perceived failure in the Christian accomplishment” that encouraged him to egress â€Å"a single ‘ aline Church’ that he believed would unify all members and enlistment an end to denominational schism,” this fact is provoke and interesting one (pp. 18-19).\r\nIn general, the term â€Å"Mormon” is intimately accurately applied to the individuals who followed Smith’s teachings and colonised in Utah; however, the church elders prefer that it be known by the more accurate style of â€Å"Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints” (Rowe, 2005).\r\nSection 2: â€Å"Wisely and Gently”\r\nKraft (1998) reminds the subscriber that God apparently wants citizenry to be courteous of other cultures and that He gave such directions through the Holy Bible.  In 1 Corinthians 9:19-22, Kraft states, God’s purpose is indicated through Paul’s delivery about living like a Jew when among the Jews and living like a Gentile when among the Gentiles, and so being â€Å"all things to all men, that [he might ] save about of them by whatever means are realizable” (p. 384).\r\nKraft discusses the various levels of culture, which is the style in which people live their lives.  People are products of their culture, which determines the manner in which they view the world and the pressure for the individual to conform within that worldview is strong (Kraft, 1998).  In addition, Kraft reminds the endorser that Jesus worked not by attacking people or their cultures, but by working with people within their cultures to effect change.\r\nOverall, Mormonism has a number of inviolable principles behind it and yet its worshipers have been widely persecuted for their faith.   forthwith’s Mormons tend to be â€Å"thin-skinned, hypersensitive, and virtually expecting to be attacked” for their beliefs (Rowe, 2005, p. 49).  Whether or not the individual talking with a Mormon agrees with the positions of that person’s faith, Rowe states that they are merit of respect.\r\nThis position is particularly important, since Mormons typically have a certainty in the truth as preached by their prophet and the awareness of their nature as what Rowe (2005) calls â€Å"an exodus community” (pp. 48-49), both of which cause them to close the doors to confabulation more readily than individuals in other faiths.  disdain the apparent wisdom behind this statement of affairs, however, it appears to counterbalance the author’s assertion that Utah’s admittance to the Union ended the â€Å"us against them” humor that existed between Mormons and the United States government at the clock time (p. 47).\r\nSection 3: Proselytizing\r\nRowe (2005) constantly reminds the reader that the Mormons have their own culture.  For this reason, Christians are to treat them as they might adherents to Islamic, Hindu, or Buddhist cultures, as healthy as any other non-Christian cultures.  Rowe (2005) describes the Mormon Church as being â€Å"Christianesque” in that it is â€Å"linked to statements and images from the Bible” (p. 42).  However, some of the teachings are not Christian in nature, such as Joseph Smith’s vision of separate beings for God the Father and Jesus Christ.\r\nBecause this teaching is so different from that held by other Christians, it is important to be prepared with gentle teachings about its error, as well as other errors held by the Mormon Church.  It is twice important because the worldview of Mormonism is compulsive in its teachings, just as is the case in many Muslim cultures (Duin, 2006, p. 2).  Because it is not possible for Mormons to examine their faith for themselves, other Christians should be able to help them do so.\r\nAccording to Coleman (1993) Jesus was able to start with a small group of disciples because â€Å"it did not matter how small the group was to start with so long as they reproduced and taught their disciples to reproduce (p. 1 02).  It was a strategy that, as stated earlier, depended on soaking up to achieve results.  One thing to share, then, would be that Christ died for everyone on the Cross, not just for a operative few.  He accepted and cared for all faiths and races (Coleman, 1993).\r\nRowe (2005) suggests trying to sum the dickens value systems into perspectives by working with the person being instructed to put the message of the Gospel into words according to each faith and then utilize that as a basis for discussion (p. 65).  Final, it would see important to understand the Mormon teaching of two Beings known as God in the Mormon Church, and how it relates to or differs from the traditional Christian teaching of monotheism.  By understanding these differences and by being able to speak in a learned and intelligent manner to another individual from a Mormon perspective.\r\nReferences\r\nColeman, R. E. (1993).  The check’s plan.  Perspectives on the humanity Chr istian grounds (3rd ed.), Ralph D. Winter and Stephen C. Hawthorne (eds.).  Pasadena, CA: William Carey.\r\nDuin, J. (2003).  The Washington Times.  New World Communications, Inc.\r\nKraft, C. H. (1998). Culture, worldview, and contextualization.\r\nRowe, D. (2005). I Love Mormons: A New Way to Share Christ with Latter-day Saints. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books.\r\n'

'Benefits of Breastfeeding\r'

'Breast con straighten outing Module †HUG 2121 This essay go out look for mixed factors inwardly tit regimening, it will focus on the long and short bound wellness benefits of sucking, for nearly(prenominal)(prenominal) the yield and rape it will in like manner deal the reasons wherefore women chose non to embracefeed, curiously within the westward society. Contri hardlyory factors a good deal(prenominal) as mixer, psychological, cultural and semipolitical all contribute to the reasons women chose to suck in or non.\r\nWHO (2011), suggests that nipple take out provides the necessary nutrients for up to the second half(prenominal) of the babys startle grade , and it too promotes sensory and cognitive exploitation, and protection from infections and continuing illness. Breast victuals has been in like manner promoted by various studies and organisations and is said to be the wellnessiest and nearly effective course of feeding your screw up, it non only if increases chemical chemical bonding with the frustrate, but it in like manner helps the vex to keep track of their babies health.\r\nDykes (2002:98) The cosmos health organisation(WHO) recomm freighters that â€Å"m some other(a)s worldwide to exclusively absorb infants for the claws first six months in give to achieve optimal egress, development and health”. There atomic summate 18 many a nonher(prenominal) advantages associated with nipplefeeding your featherbed, such as let come out risk of infant obesity, which in turn ordinarily leads to type 2 diabetes in later life and a measly risk of acquiring other health problems such as eczema. Miller (1991:76).\r\nBreast draw as well as contains valuable antibodies from the mother that whitethorn help the baby resist infections, so this actor the baby is not at a last risk of acquiring disease. There be various factors that persuade the first waitance and primary(prenominal)tena nce of heartfeeding, Earle (2002) recognises some of these factors, as the way the mother identifies herself, the fathers understanding on infant feeding, the personal factors involve and the sexualisation of breasts.\r\nThe politics of breastfeeding is explained in detail by, Counihan (2008:467) stating that political obstacles take the â€Å"marketing practices of instant regulation manufacturers”, and how such factors appear to bring in a positive impact on the choice women make in order to breastfeed or not. The article goes on to reflect breastfeeding rate in the UK; and the health benefits of breastfeeding for the mother as good as the infant. Despite attempts to reiterate to general usual that ‘breast is best’, breastfeeding is still rattling ofttimestimes pocket-sized in the Hesperian society (UNICEF, 2005).\r\nProtheroe et al (2003) discuss the issues behind this and explain the evidence that directs the health benefits of breastfeeding. P rotheroe et al, (2003) overly suggest that breastfeeding allows babies to ready a fail start in life than those who ar reflection fed. Due to both the short and long term health benefits associated with breastfeeding, Protheroe et al (2003) concord-to doe withs to argue that the main development of the infant is dependent on the nutrients breast milk provide. Breastmilk does not contain any extra ingredients that whitethorn cause the baby to turn out problems digesting it, so it is less(prenominal) strenuous for the baby.\r\nAccording to Allen and Hector (2005:42), they suggest that breastmilk is â€Å" uniquely engineered” for babies and that, it is biologically and naturally the correct way to feed babies. They excessively, argue that unlike formula milk breastfeeding has a vast quash of health benefits for both mother and baby. Alexander et al. (2009:158) signs this claim and explains that breastfeeding provides a vast number of health benefits, â€Å"including protection against many acute and chronic diseases as well as advantages for general health, growth and development. UNICEF suggest that babies who be fed using breast milk substitutes cause an increased risk of acquiring infections and diseases such as gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, respiratory or chest infections, ear infections, and even childishness leukaemia and possibly sudden infant death syndrome, or cot death. Allen and Hector (2005:44) behave this, and explain that breastfeeding â€Å"has been shown to be protective against a tumid number of warm and longer term health outcomes that atomic number 18 a significant burden on individuals, the health scheme and society. It is to a fault suggested that babies who atomic number 18 breastfed be bound to have better neurological development. yet, a study carried out by Holme et al (2010), aiming to establish the effect of breastfeeding on neurological development, does not support this study. They came to the conclusion that breastfeeding is not associated with intelligence quotient (IQ) and that â€Å" agnate and socio-economic characteristics” are particularly influential. Babies who are breastfed are also protected against diabetes mellitus. Whitney et al, ( 2010 ), breastfeeding is also associated with support babies from long term ealth problems and disorders of the cardiovascular system as well as obesity, a very commodious problem that near western societies are finding difficult to control. Due to this factor alone, it is very historic that breastfeeding is to a greater extent widely promoted and advised, with sufficient support systems for mothers who are breastfeeding or considering it. This will not only switch off the health issues associated with breastfeeding, but it will promote the health benefits involved. UNICEF (2011) suggests that at that place whitethorn be a draw between breastfeeding and protection against octuple sclerosis, acute appendicitis and tonsillectomy.\r\n up to now, query within this area is still very limited, and cryptograph has been slange to prove this may be true. Breastfeeding does not only benefit the health of the baby, but mothers who breastfeed have a reduced risk of multiple diseases and illnesses; such as, breast and ovarian cancer and osteoporosis. Breastfeeding also increases involution, whereby the mothers figure is most likely to return to normal, after(prenominal)wardwards pregnancy. Insel et al. (2009:538) support this, stating that breastfeeding stimulates uterine contractions, which aid in the womb returning back to size.\r\nThis is a very all- principal(prenominal)(a) factor to recognise oddly for many mothers, referable to the pressures associated with body image. If mothers are do aware of such benefits of breastfeeding, they may be more likely to breastfeed in order to promote the health and eudaemonia of their baby and themselves, and maintain their figure. In addition breas tfeeding means that mother and child are able to bond effectively; Insel et al. (2009:538) also state that if the baby is move onto the breast instantly after delivery, these uterine contractions are able to control the level of blood anomic in birth.\r\nAdditionally by consuming a healthy diet, the mother is also able to understand and monitor any possible causes of any sensitised reactions, infections or illnesses the baby develops. Lauwers and Swisher (2010:428) explain that exclusively breastfeeding, the breastmilk coats the baby’s intestinal tract with components in the breastmilk that ultimately prevent foreign proteins from entering the baby’s system and causing any allergic reactions. Pryor (2010:4) also suggests that the role of breastfeeding is very grand especially if a mother and baby are bonding.\r\nThis study showed that babies that interacted more with their mothers, stayed warmer, and cried less. It was also found that, although in that respect we re some difficulties to measure, if there was early skin-to-skin contact, there is still a very high possibility that breastfed babies were more likely to have a good early relationship with their mothers. A study conducted by Riodarn et al, (1998 ), shows that, breastfeeding rates within the coupled Kingdom (UK) are the lowest in both the developed world and Europe.\r\nAdditionally the sister feed Survey, from 2000 to 2005, found that the number of babies who were breastfed within the UK increased by 7 per cent and in both Scotland and blue Ireland the macrocosm rates were raised by 8 per cent and only 7% in England and Wales. Although the statistics show a small rise in the number of breastfeeding mothers in the UK the number is still very low. Studies have found that most women, who do breastfeed, are usually from upper-class families whereas most economically separate women and teenagers continue to bottle feed their infants. Bryant et, al (1999:79).\r\nEfforts to improve breastfeeding initiation and time among low income women have been tried thus far no success has been met. Therefore, it is all important(predicate) that an effort moldiness be made to address the reasons for this problem and to advert breastfeeding promotion strategies that will overcome the barriers that are negatively influencing breastfeeding decisions in these particular populations. A lot of the women from low socio economic backgrounds, who chose not to breastfeed, is not because they just don’t care, but mostly because they live in an unsupportive or manoeuvre in a non supportive milieu.\r\n different reasons why they do not breastfeed are that in low income women, their reasons not to breastfeed are closely related to social and cultural beliefs. Various studies have revealed that main issues that women from low income societies face, are that they are modest and discomfit and the re austereions on their lifestyles, also play a huge role. Hartley,et al (1996: 87). Other women still complained of physical discomfort and inconvenience. close to studies also found that some economically disfavour women feel a neglect of confidence in their ability to produce an adequate quality or quantity of breast milk Marcus (2007).\r\nLiving in a particular society usually governs many of your life choices, so if not breastfeeding is the cultural norm, for raft living in these environments accordingly chances of them breastfeeding is low. NICE, also suggests that in the UK alone most factors that also contribute to women boilers suit not breastfeeding apart from the influence of society and culture, is the lack of continuity of care in the health services, clinical problems and the lack of preparation of health professionals and public in general to support breastfeeding effectively. wellness care professionals also have a huge impact on women’s choices to breastfeed.\r\nThe WHO and UNICEF launched the bollocks up Friendly Hospital poss ibility in 1991, in order to provide information, support and assessment for health care workers in order to promote and encourage breastfeeding. This programme is very efficacious especially to new mothers because another reason why the rate of breastfeeding is low in the country is because; some women just don’t have awaitly information about it. This programme not only allows health professionals to encourage mothers on their own, but to also have the government to back up what they are saying.\r\nArnez, et al (2004:67). Fletcher,et al(2000:98) however also suggests that whilst some women do have the information and are educated on all the reasons as to why breastfeeding is better, most women however usually just do what their, peers, parents or friends do. This breath is also supported By NICE, who also pipeline that â€Å"a pregnant charr considering how to feed her baby may be influenced, positively or negatively, by the experiences of her friends and family, mes sages in the media, and the advice of her midwife and GP. Adequate advice is especially important for mothers because, although the choice is ultimately theirs, it is important for health professionals to give that they have given the mother as much information as possible and support in whatever decision they make. Riodarn, (2005:83) For the mothers who do chose to breastfeed, some of them end up discontinuing in many cases the reason existence is that the mother’s report of ‘insufficient milk’ Hamlyn et al. (2002:54).\r\nThis reason of not having enough milk may be influenced by the baby’s behaviour, the enter of health professionals, the views of family and friends, and the mother’s own self-esteem, as well as clinical problems with feeding. If the mother feels as if she is not producing enough milk to feed her baby, then she can good modification to formula milk because, the stress of her thinking that the baby is starving would modify he r to doing so Fletcher, et al (2000:43).\r\nIt is especially important in situations such as these, that health professionals play a huge role in supporting the mother, because they are various reasons that can lead to such problems, so advice and a health knowledge would be needed. In most cases women tend to think this way because breast milk digests faster than formula milk, so the baby becomes hungry more often. So the support and advice from health professionals would help the mother to understand and not head ache about this problem, Hartley et al (1996:31).\r\nIt is very rare for anyone to stick from not producing enough milk however, this is one of the main reasons why most women stop breastfeeding. Miller (1996:50) Suggests that it is especially women from low income backgrounds that usually use this as a reason to stop breastfeeding. However this can be argued that this excuse can be used by all women. A number of investigators suggest that this, is a condition that â₠¬Å"spans a bio psychosocial continuum from a rare physiological situation to a condition embedded in psychological and social circumstances” Kumar, (2008:72).\r\nThis method of hike was shown to have the greatest impact on women’s choice to breastfeed. The baby friendly initiative hospitals also support this and statistics show that these hospitals had increased their breastfeeding rates by more than 10% by comparing the year receiving Baby Friendly accreditation with four previous years, in front they had the accreditation. In teenage mothers the need of support to lead off breastfeeding is prevalent, in most cases this is due to the vast influence four-year-old mothers get from the media, and the pressure from society.\r\nAppearance also plays a huge role in most women who decide to either breastfeed or not Scott, et al (1999:12). near young mothers think that breastfeeding will make them socially unacceptable and make their breasts saggy. close teenagers act on the media very closely and celebrity culture, so when they see or hear about accredited amours that their favourite celebrities have done they tend to follow in those footsteps. Teenagers are not the only population that the media influences in this particular area.\r\nIn 2001 breastfeeding obtained a large amount of negative and controversial media coverage, when a woman was removed from a Delta Airlines flight because she refused to cover her child whilst she was breastfeeding (Marcus, 2007). Last year, famous media icon, Barbara Walters commented to millions of viewers, that â€Å"a breastfeeding woman made her feel un homey while on a flight, Curran (2006). Attitude such as this can influence women to not breastfeed, because they may start to feel embarrassed doing it.\r\nAlthough these are the most reasons why women do not breastfeed, other reasons may include sore nipples, or the pressure on going back to work. In some cases women chose not to breastfeed because they feel, the father of the baby would benefit from bottle feeding so that he too can get some sort of bonding with the baby during feeding, Curran (2006:12). Women often complain that their partners do not get to experience the same bond they do whilst feeding, Hollander (1995).\r\nOther health benefits said to be associated with breastfeeding are that minerals such as iron are present and lower in breast milk than in formula, so the minerals in breast milk are more likely to be tout ensemble absorbed by the baby Kumar, ( 2008:70 ). However In formula fed babies, the unabsorbed portions of minerals can change the balance of bacterium in the gut, which gives harmful bacteria a chance to grow, Foster (1995:45) this can often can cause constipation and lead to harder cedar-scented stools than breastfed babies.\r\nIn cases where women find that breastfeeding makes their nipples sore, it’s very important for health professionals to give them the relevant support and discipline on how to treat this problem. Most sore nipples can be helped by changing how the baby is wedded to the mother’s breast, so talking to somebody who has had specialist training in giving women support and information on baby feeding, would help. Midwives, health visitant or other specialist are also able to help the mother, however it’s important for the mother to know that this information is readily for sale to them.\r\nThe stigma attached to breastfeeding especially in the UK, has caused a lot of women to be cautious about it compared to other countries. The WHO statistics show that women in Asia and Africa are more comfortable breastfeeding compared to the Western Society. This information shows that although the women in England live in a country where health care and information is well available to them compared to developing countries, their surroundings influence their decisions greatly. However women from other parts of the world such as Asia and Africa, do not particularly have media influences.\r\nOther reasons why Western countries have less women breastfeeding may be because, they have the formula milk easily available to them and it’s more convenient to their lifestyles. radiation pattern feeding your baby especially in Western countries seems to be more ideal because of most work schedules and time off work given after the baby is born. In western culture a women’s breast is very closely associated with sex, so in most cases when a women is seen to be breastfeeding especially in public this is deemed as inappropriate Marcus, (2007).\r\nMost men also do not command to see their partner’s breastfeeding in public, because of the cloudiness over sexual role of the breast. If we compare this emplacement to other countries, most women and men have strict rules on sex exposure and attitude. For example in Africa the majority of women that do have children are conjoin and the number of teenage pre gnancies is very low, so already the type of women that do get pregnant are usually young and married. Their culture on pregnancy, hymeneals and breastfeeding is also in most cases taught to them from a young age and it becomes a part of their culture.\r\nIf the women’s grannie and mother, both breastfed their babies they teach the daughter to do so, and because this is something that is taught evolution up, it becomes the right choice for them. Having strong cultural beliefs has shown to have a huge impact on pot particularly from this population, because they do not want to seem rebellious if they chose to do anything different from what they have been taught. Hollander, (1995) So in other words in most non Western countries the option to choose between formula milk and breastfeeding your baby is rarely given.\r\nIn western culture however, because individuals tend to do their own thing and the choice for them to breastfeed or not is there this gives, the mother opportun ity to weigh out her options on what suits her and baby. If her everyday life requires her to be busy by chance finding the time to sit down, and relax and feed may seem impossible. Breastfed babies eat more often than bottle-fed babies because the fats and proteins in breast milk are more easily broken down than the fats and proteins in formula, so they are absorbed and used more quickly Kumar, (2002:90).\r\nThis then means that the mother would have to breastfeed a lot more than she would with formula, so in a fast moving environment again this may not be ideal. In past years the facilities to actually breastfeed within the UK were very few, if women wanted to breastfeed their babies they were forced to either go and do it somewhere private or stay within their homes. It was only in 2010 that an comparison act was carried out and passed to allow women to breastfeed anywhere, and to get public places and work places to facilitate this.\r\nIn other cultures image concern is not as high as it is in the western culture so there are less cautious about it. Overall breastfeeding is a very important and highly beneficial point to consider for all women and healthcare providers. BIBLIOGRAPHY Anderson, A. K. , Damio, G. , Young, S. , Chapman, D. , Perez-Escamilla, R. (2005). A  Randomized Trial Assessing the Efficacy of consort Counselling on Exclusive Breastfeeding  in a Predominantly Latina Low-Income Community. Arch Pediatrics Adolescence  Medical, 15, 836-881. 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EU (2004) Promoting, protecting and supporting breastfeeding: an action plan for Europe. capital of Luxembourg: European Commission, Directorate for Public wellness and try Assessment Earle, S. (2002) ‘Factors affecting the initiation of breastfeeding: implications for breastfeeding promotion’ Health Promotion International 17 (3) 205-214\r\nFoster K, Lader D, Cheesbrough S. , Infant feeding (1995), The S tationery Office, London 1997 Fletcher, D, Harris, H, The implementation of the burning program at the Royal Womens Hospital Breastfeeding limited review 2000, 8 (1): 19-23 Hamlyn B, Brooker S, Oleinikova K et al. Infant Feeding (2000). section of Health, the Scottish Executive, the National Assembly for Wales and the Department of Health, kind Services and Public Safety in blue Ireland. London: The Stationary Office, 2002 Houston MJ (1984) Home support for the breast feeding mother. In: MJ Houston, editors Maternal and infant health care.\r\nEdinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Hartley B, O’Connor M. (1996)Evaluation of the â€Å"Best Start” breastfeedingeducation program. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. cl:868-871 Insel, P. , Turner, R. E. & Ross, D. (2009) Discovering Nutrition 3rd ed. capital of Massachusetts: Jones and bartlett pear Publishers Inc. Lauwers, J. & Swisher, A. (2010) Counseling the Nursing catch Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers Inc. Marcus, J. A. (2007,). Lactation and the law. Mothering (143), 48-57 Miller NH, Miller DJ, Chism M. Breastfeeding practices among nonmigratory physicians. Pediatrics 1996;98:434â€437. Pryor, G. 2010) Nursing Mother, Working Mother: The essential guide to breastfeeding your baby before and after you return to work Sydney: Read How You Want volumed Print Books Protheroe, L. , Dyson, L. , Renfew, M. J. , Bull, J. & Mulvihill, C. (2003) ‘The Effectiveness of Public Health Interventions to Promote the Initiation of Breastfeeding: Evidence Briefing’ National Health Service: Health Development internal representation Kumar A, Kumar Rai A, Basu S, Dash D and Saran Singh J. Cord Blood and breast milk iron status in maternal anemia. Pediatrics. 2008: 121(3); e673-677. Accessed 5/29/2010. Kramer MS, Kakuma, R 2002.\r\nOptimal continuation of exclusive breastfeeding. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 1. [Art. No. : CD003517. inside: 10. 1002/14651858. CD0 03517] Riordan J. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation. 3rd. Jones and Bartlett Publishers; Sudbury, MA: 2005. Scott JA, Binns CW. (1999) Factors associated with the initiation and duration of breastfeeding: a review of the literature. Breastfeed Rev 1999; 7: 5â€16. Scott JA, Shaker I, Reid M. Parental attitudes toward breastfeeding: their association with feeding outcome at hospital discharge. Birth 2004; 31: 125â€31 UNICEF UK Baby Friendly Initiative.\r\nBaby Friendly hospitals show strong increase in breastfeeding rates. Baby Friendly News No. 6, July 2000. piece Health Organization (2003) Global strategy for infant and young child feeding. In: Organization WH, ed. geneva: World Health Organization. Whitney, E. , DeBruyne, L. K. , Pinna, K. & Rolfes, S. R. (2010) Nutrition for Health and Health Care Belmont, USA: Wadsworth World Health Organisation (2011) Breastfeeding http://www. who. int/child_adolescent_health/topics/prevention_care/child/nutrition/breastfeeding/en/ind ex. html [accessed 7 May 2011] *\r\n'