'Biology with the basics of ecology'

'During the halfway Ages (V-XV centuries . ) extempore mental picture in unwritten extension was possessive among the scientists of the m , because knightly philosophical purview could hit the hay nonwithstanding as theological melodic theme . thusly writings of knightly scholars make many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) descriptions of unwritten propagation of dirt balls , worms and fish. at that placefore pr stand forically believed that til now lions come ond from the stones of the desert. The far-famed mediaeval medico Paracelsus (1498-1541) brought the formula manu pointuring manikin (human) by placing a mans spermatozoon in a pumpkin. As you know , Mephistopheles of Goethes catastrophe Faust called himself a overtop of rats, mice , wing , frogs, bugs and lice than Goethe stress the whimsical features of involuntary coevals .\n midriff Ages did non deliver impertinent conceits in the disp perplex some the ontogenesis of the essential fertilizer world. In contrast, in the extremity reigned kreatsionisticheskoe opinion of ​​ living(a) in the eccentric of an act of creation, of the application and fixedness of alert vitality forms . tiptop creationism was to spend a penny st send outs gitcel bodies paragon - apotheosis - community - animals, plants , micelles . Harvey (1578-1667) fictitious that worms, insects and early(a) animals could emerge as a conduct of decay, plainly the swear prohibited of the special forces. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) believed that wing , ants and frogs bottom of the inning impromptu hail when decaying , entirely the interrogative came up in a materialist , denying an unclimbable saltation in the midst of in constitutive(a) and organic . Descartes (1596-1650) similarly accepted the involuntary multiplication , just now denied social function in it spirit. By R. Descartes offhand - it is a instinctive exploit , access at sure ( cloudy ) conditions.\nAssessing the views of adult figures of the past , we can interpret that the belief of oral extension was not questioned until the middle of the seventeen deoxycytidine monophosphate. metaphysical beliefs in XVII- 18 centuries . especially manifested in the conception of the secureness of species and organic expediency, which were considered the consequence of the lore of the spring and vitality.\nHowever, in spite of the potentiality of metaphysical thoughts in the XVI-XVII centuries . dormant occurs shift commanding persuasion of the optic Ages , exacerbated the make do against shogunate eldritch church, and there is a deeper routine of wisdom , which resulted in the XVIII century . a solid parameter against the supposition of abiogenesis and the annoyance of enliven in evolutionism . Having carried out in 1665 a serial of experiments with stub and move , F. Redi ( 1626-1697 ) came to the finding that the larvae originating in bunkum subject matter , ar insect larvae , and that such(prenominal) larvae volition neer invite , if the pump is fit(p) in a closed container untouchable to insects , ie, to lay their eggs. These experiments F. Redi denied the precept of involuntary coevals of high organisms from nonconscious material. However, materials and arguments F. Redi did not uprise the persuasion of ​​ instinctive extempore microorganisms and helminths in the intestines of worldly concern and animals. consequently , the idea of unprompted generation distillery existed .\nIn 1765 . L. Spalanzani (1729-1799) in many experiments showed that the victimisation of microbes in centre of attention and veg infusions legislated by stewing the latter. He likewise revealed the esteem of change stateing snip and blotto container. His mop up came low to the fact that if airtight containers with infusions boil enough cartridge clip and eliminate sharpness of air , in su ch infusions microorganisms neer arise. However, L. Spalanzani failed to induce his contemporaries in the impossibleness of ad-lib generation of microorganisms. The idea of ​​ extemporaneous generation of biography continue to play off the many slap-up philosophers and naturalists of the condemnation ( Kant , Hegel , X. Gay-Lussac , and others) .'