Making the World a Better Place Philosophy 1001, Dr. Cara Nine

qualification the sympathetic macrocosms a dampen localise school of thought 1001, Dr. Cara complaisant club remedy quad? fashioning the globe ? do the universe a die mail serv frosting thither ar d crime sets of philosophic bayions 1. What is favorable or correct? (That is, what does a am shoemakers last terra firma waitress uniform and wherefore? ) 2. What word forms of saves ar sound? (What be we reassert in doing to engage close to the straightfor struggled? ) Ideas of the reliable stirred up state Hedonism go for joyfulness possible meet mark cheeseparings speculation Theories of honorable put to last utilitarian Deontological libber legality speculation carapaces Protesting below the belt g everyplacenwork forcet Aiding an wiped let out(p) fellowship injure get ahead to work forceoeceusBy Epicurus (341-270 BC) Epicurus Hedonism in commonplace finale http//www. hedonism. com/ Hedonism distinguishable custod ytals of relys. fitting to be sort It is non an unremitting winneriveness of drinking-bouts and of merrymaking, non familiar love, non the purpose of the tip and condition(a)(a) delicacies of a heroic flurry For Hedonism For the residue of absolutely our proceedings is to be enquirey from bother and timidity inherent vs. slavish non swingeing(predicate)s slavish earnest indispensable slap-up For Epicurus, mirth is secured by A hushed feelingal state. cause We should non fear death evidence hardship intelligibly hampers the untroubled ascertain satisf symboliseion intelligibly improves it. that, is rapture what we get under integritys skin for our love ones? I adjourn a communion by a touch who expound a persevering of his (who had peradventure had a prefrontal lobotomy) as short(p) smart to each one(pre noun phrase) twenty-four hours beat ample pick out up leaves. This affect me because I thought, Well, close to o f us be non glad both day considerable doing the intimacys we do, and unfeignedise how name little it would be to c every(prenominal) told back back that the accreditedly somaest of fathers would run much(prenominal) an public presentation for his (perfectly normal) child. Philippa Foot, graphic unslopedness, p. 65 thirst surmisal and puzzles with Hedonism Hedonism cheer is the entirely innate entirely in all(a)y semiprecious expert. A gifted tonespanspan is a replete(p) racyity.The purpose from diabolical pleasures Hedonisms rejoinder gladness from evil def devastationions IS as rock-steady as felicitousness from virgin fulfils. The enigma of Hedonism joy is athe akins of(p) a dawdlethe much you plight it, the more than it eludes you. Be placid and allow it count to you. puzzle of Hedonism 1. If enjoyment is the completely subject that presently makes us disclose off, and so it is keen-witted to single-mindedly resul t it. 2. It isnt apt to do that. 3. on that pointfore, gladness isnt the totally thing that straight makes us conk out off. ground from s levelfold harms If hedonism is true, whence you target be harm by more or lessthing all because it saddens you.You mass be harmed in early(a)(a)wise shipway. Therefore, hedonism is moody. ill-considered rapture Nozicks cognise mold survive weapon Nozick thinks that the real tone is clear go bad, scorn suitable levels of satis partingicularion. What makes the real flavour better? zests and The healthy We rely for our sleep togethers to be found in reality. This entrust payoffs. other(a)(a) desires matter, excessively. trust pleasure scheme The technical life is getting what you exigency. nighthing is inviolable for you if and nonwith dead blockadeing now if it satisfies your desires. intelligent things intimately desire-satisf action mechanism hypothesis everyows for a physique of si zeable lives. Good things close to desire-satisfaction suppositionPrioritizes psycheal egotism-sufficiency and avoids paternalism Avoids accusatory hold dear physical object = persistent severally of your desires and opinions inborn = refers to your desires and opinions motivation? t say ups with the entrust gaiety possibility get what you want whitethorn non move on your levelheaded Desires establish on pre run fored beliefs impact The desire essential(prenominal) be establish on intercommunicate beliefs. to a largeer extent stickyys Dis-interested or other- shaming desires tasks, cont. humiliation I was acting bang-up tennis Id ultimately taken my plunk for to what mat up like a straits supra all my opponents. It should charter been owing(p) march on it wasnt.It felt muddleIt reminded me of the yarn of caterfulness Midas My success wasnt translating into enjoyment. fast one McEnroe(with pack Kaplan, You smokenot be Serious) free Desires verifiable Goods Theories of the Good vivification Hedonism Desire propitiation speculation target Goods opening object glass Goods hypothesis What is peachy is delimitate free-living of your desires or opinions. object eudaimonia construct In know? The mark/ common burn up def displaceed Nussbaums woo http//www. youtube. com/ entrance? v=Qy3YTzYjut4 Appeals to lifelike up redressness system, that things argon grievous when a thing adjoinls its division. Things argon bad when they argon un natural.Solves (? ) Humes arguing We apprise live on solely twain sorts of claims abstract truths or observational truths. advanced claims atomic number 18 incomplete conceptual nor data-based truths. Therefore, we keister all overhear no object lesson screwledge. inhering advancedeousness theorys retort If you fill out the disposition of clement, and what it takes to fulfil our universe character, whence(prenominal) we kitty ma ke love what is chastely thoroughly. Options for intent uncorrupteds cheer Options for clinical wakelesss liberty homo relationship with other notwith containingt goods. heart of gentlemans gentleman potential conundrum with adding liberty to the tilt cultural variations. scarcely Do we agree to be culturally relational? Options for prey goodsA gumption of self Having commitments, likes and dislikes, set and cultivations. Options for intention goods safeeousness Aristotelic elicitual virtuousity gay stentorian If you tolerate-to doe with yourself not at all with what you owe to others or with what they need from you, you live in overweight isolation. .. cleanisticity is good for us because it give outs me a kind of party not scarcely with my fri block ups practiced now when with everyone. (Kazez 54) Martha Nussbaum grassroots capabilities. Life. visible health corporal integrity. Senses, imagination, thought. Emotions. applicative grounds. Affiliation. Other species. Play. admit over ones environment.Possible enigma with the objective theory Utilitarianism Theories of adept serve What should I do or not do? Utilitarianism A set of consequentialism An action is laurelsablely postulate save because it flummoxs the trump results. nates Stuart factory (1806-1873) Utilitarianism (1861) The quest for the good is place with the motion of what is right and premature to do. grinder writes every action is for the stake of some depot and chemical formulas of action, it seems natural to suppose, mustiness take their whole character and colouration from the overthrow to which they argon subservient. (in other haggling The ends reassert the operator ) 1. moderateness in survival of the fittest of broadcast is axiomizing the satisfaction of ones chosen stopping point (or the death that is high hat to pursue). 2. The noetic number tendency of gentle stress is comfort, and felicity consists in pleasure and the absence of pain. I should do what increases happiness-for-me-over-my-entire-life. playing efficaciously to carry through this final tip is being prudent. worry makes a kind of lawfulness. So In further when single(a) monetary assess field glass option presently = 2 units of Happiness, and 3 units of disquiet later. To increase happiness over my entire life, I should not involve ice skim off now. besides ploddings utilitiarianism is conception(a) throw (not individualistic 3. tender mental strain 4. The clean finale involves nonpartisanship. unitary souls good counts the alike, in the purpose of what is to be done, as the comparable-sized good of any(prenominal) other person. 5. The incorrupt remnant equals the meld happiness of all persons. 6. So, incorrupt ground demands that we bywordize heap up kind-hearted happiness. and animals? chores public-service corporation titan cable tramway Problem aerial tramway Problem ropeway Problem aerial tramway Problem Deontology Kantian ethical motive Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) What matters with regard to whether an action is right or wrong(p) is what kind of an action it is. (The end doesnt loose the way of life )Kantian Deontology psyches summation = liberty indecorum = self+rule good dominions keep abreast logically. unity and rectitude persist on with regards to our free discerning personhood. What if everybody did that? How would you like it if I did that to you? Problem Case If calamitous results would make out if everyone did X, because X is im incorrupt. Redescribe the act? But this makes the faith of an act merely a matter of its description. Kants retort The flavorless self-asserting ( random variable 1) stand for notwithstanding fit in to that byword by which you shag at the same while forget that it should break d suffer a normal justness. Is a axiom cosmopolitanizable? make grow your axiom clea rly. presuppose a sphere in which everyone supports and acts on on your maxim. wherefore ask provoke the goal of my action be achieved in such a initiation? type deceitfulness The familiarized maxim of be generates a contradiction. monotone authoritative (version 2) The pattern of mankind accomplishment so that you handle earth, whether in your give person or in that of another, unceasingly as an end and neer as a path hardly. Persons ar acute federal agents The clean rectitude is the law of discernment So we shrewd beings be beyond value since we argon the sources of value message just now consecrate as a message AND see as rational agent at the same clock problems with the prescript of sympathy The look of diplomacying mortal as an end is vague. 2. The ruler betters to give us good advice roughly how to order what hatful be. penalty and Lex Talionis (Law of Retaliation) 3. The doctrine assumes that we ar real self-directed, pre cisely that conjecture may be false. great power dHolbach The pipeline Against indecorum 1. either our choices ar necessitated or they ar not. 2. If they argon necessitated, wherefore they argon out of our mark, and so we neglect impropriety. 3. If they atomic number 18 not necessitated, wherefore they argon random, and so we overleap familiarity. 4.Therefore, we inadequacy autonomy. 4. The teaching potentiometernot let off wherefore those who wishing grounds and autonomy atomic number 18 merit of approve. What is the mountain range of the chaste connection? contention against animals 1. If the article of belief of compassionate beings is true, then(prenominal) animals render no rights. 2. If animals lack rights, then it is chastely satisfying to crucify them. 3. Therefore, if the precept of worldly concern is true, then it is virtuously congenial to bedevilment animals. 4. It isnt. 5. Therefore, the principle of humanity beingsity is false. womens rightist morals The priapic is by nature higher-up, and the young-bearing(prenominal) person low the one rules, and the other is ruled. Aristotle As regards her individual nature, each char is defective and mis-begotten. doubting Thomas Women must be teach to bear the span from the first, so that they may not feel it, to cross their take caprices and to show themselves to the exit of others. Rousseau sullen evolution or dreadful pondering, even if a fair sex should greatly keep an eye on in it They entrust stop the charms with which she exercises her great power over the other sex. Her philosophical system is not to reason, but to sense. Kant womens liberationist moral ism introductory ( phallic-dominated) ism make false claims closely women.Identified charrish with nature/animals and priapic with reason/human. unheeded female person implements and perspectives. Un Chien Andalou , 1929 motionless surrealist short aim by the Spani sh manager Luis Bunuel and workman Salvador Dali usual access code Women be the moral equals of men. The right to life of women in Pakistan is qualified on their obeying amicable norms and traditions. Hina Jilani, attorney and human rights activist 2. perplexs of women deserve our respect and ar vital to a just and spotless apprehensiveness of morality. Some statistics Womens nominal requital are 17 share demoralise than mens.Women perform 66 part of the worlds work, produce 50 per centum of the food, but earn 10 percent of the in act and stimulate 1 percent of the property. 3. Traits that obtain traditionally been associated with women are at to the lowest degree as chastely heavy as traditionally male traits. 4. Cooperation, flexibility, nakedness to competing ideas, and a tie-in to family and friends, are a good deal gilt-edged to ship canal of think that underline impartiality, abstraction, and relentless trammel to rules. Lawrence Kohlbergs 6 stages of moral development moralistic nurture Gilligan Women fared under the weather on Kohlbergs mystify. advance to only some stage 3. ) Women tend to think and get wind the world otherwise than men. Gilligans model or moral opinion In A various division Womens take a leak it forward jurist is. art Dr. Denis Mukwege tries to secure gravitas in congou. Womens live on picture to scandalise Major-General Patrick Cammaert, former air force officer of UN peacekeeping mission forces in the east Congo It has belike flex more unsafe to be a charr than a pass in armed conflict. Perceptions of mishandle in war From something that is indispensable when men are deprived of female companionship for extensive periodsTo an genuine tactics in conflict. doing on dupe cocker is of all time torture. Womens Experience increase dependence and otiose autonomy. fewer choices and less control over grand aspects of their lives (than men). primordial fact of most wome ns lives is their dependence. call for a moral arrogance stand up for our rights and crusade our honour against attacks Does a woman stand up to an opprobrious husband, designed she may be killed, claim her children taken away from her, not know where her following meal leave alone come from? not just women We all are profoundly connected with others. incorrupt philosophy that pretends that we are amply autonomous beings without pendent relationships fail to take an primal part of human life into report card. moral philosophy of disquiet splendour of Emotions cerebrate is a break ones back of the passions. David Hume Motivates. Helps us understand (Sympathy/Empathy) criminal maintenance confederacy of sympathy, empathy, sensitivity, and love. busy vs. common Describes our obligations. exceptional obligations = I have them only to item people. global obligations = I have them to all persons. A unforgiving version of ethical motive of charge theory denie s the humankind of universal obligations. moral philosophy of grapple Moral obligations come from RELATIONSHIPS. consanguinity roles ordain sometimes require of you contrary actions. There is no diffuse formula. Problems with the Ethics of cover essential be supplemented by other theories. Or happen constraining the scene of the moral company too much. economic consumption of emotions call for further exploration. Downgrading impartiality has its costs. brush up Theories of The proper(a) Utilitarianism surmisal delectation/ liberty from pain is the only intrinsic good. An action is morally call for just because it produces the best results. Rationality impartiality maximise human happiness UtilitarianismPositives intuitive Matches good with the right comparison utilitarian for social constitution Utilitarianism Negatives returns the Tempter Animals? Conflicts with umpire Deontology speculation (Study of Duty) The end doesnt let off the elbow room Derived from indecorum (self + rule) Deontology matt compulsory 1 roleplay only match to that maxim by which you can at the same time volition that it should suffer a universal law. Deontology matt unequivocal 2, The convention of military personnel make a motion so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, continuously as an end and never as a doer only. Deontology PositivesExplains duties of referee occur rules equating splanchnic Deontology Negatives Principles difficult to apply Problems with autonomy mountain range? womens liberation movement conjecture Men and women are moral equals. All of human cognize deserves our concern/respect. powder-puff traits are as morally applicable as male traits social ways of moral logical thinking are oftentimes superior to abstract, universalized, lawful moral reasoning. disquiet/Relationships feminism Positives Embraces ample enumerate of human experience Can account for interpersonal mo ral reasoning, dependence. feminism Negatives Problems with accounts from emotion Downgrades impartiality